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33. Hazrat Muhammad(ﷺ) [Prophet Muhammad]

SEERAT-E-MUHAMMADIA ﷺ

 

Hamare Nabi ﷺ, Muhammad ﷺ ibn Abd-Allaah ibn Abd al-Muttalib al-Haashimi ibn Abd Munaf hain, Adnan se ikkisween (21) pusht mein hue, Adnan chaleesween(40th) pusht mein Ismaeel علیہ السلام ka naamwar farzand tha, Ismaeel (علیہ السلام ) Ibrahim علیہ السلام, khaleel-ur-Rahman ke bare bete hain.

Nabi Kareem ( ﷺ) Makkah mein Doshumba ke din 9 Rabbi ul Awwal ko peda hue, abhi maan ke pait mein the keh baap ka inteqal hua jab chay (6) saal ki umr hui tab maan ne inteqal kiya.


Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ki walidah mukarrimah ka naam Amina hai, unka nasb teen (3) pusht uppar jaakar Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ke dadehal se jaa milta hai.


Jab Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) aath (8) saal do (2) maheene aur das (10) din ke hue tou dada faut hue phir Abu Talib jo Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ke walid Abdullah ke haqeeqi bhai aik maan se the, Aap (ﷺ) ke sarparast mutayyan hue.


Terhwen (13) saal mein Shaam ke safar ko chacha ke sath gae the, magar raah mein se wapis agae. Jawan hokar kuch dinon tijarat karte rahe. 25 saal ki umr poori hone par Khadijah رضی اللّٰہ عنہا ke sath shadi ki phir Nabi kareem (ﷺ) apne auqat (waqt) ko Allah Ta’aala ki ibadat ya logon ki bhalai mein sarf karte rahe. 35 saal ki umr thi jab Quresh mein kaba ki emarat par jhagra hua, Sab ne Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ko Sadiq aur Amanat wala jaankar munsif banaya.

 

 

NUBUWWAT:


Chalees(40) saal aik din ki umr hui tou Allah ki Wahi hui keh Aap ﷺ Allah ke Rasool hain, Khadijah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) [biwi],
Ali Murtaza (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) [Bhai, umr 10 saal]
Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) [Dost]
Zaid bin Haritha (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) [Maula Nabi ﷺ] foran musalmaan hue.


Phir Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki hidayat se Usman ghani (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ,
Abdur Rahman bin Awf (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ,
Saad bin Abi Waqas (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ),
Talha (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Zubair (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) musalmaan hue.
Abu Ubaidah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Abu Salmah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Arqam (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Usman (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Usman bin Maz’un (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) aur Abdullah bin Masood (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Ubaidah bin Al harith (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Sa’ed bin zaid (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Yasir (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Bilal (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), inke ba’ad musalmaan hue.


Auraton mein Khadijah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) aur Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ki betiyon ke ba’ad Ummul fazal (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) [Abbas (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki biwi] musalmaan hue, phir Asma (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) [Abu bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki beti] phir Fatima (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) [Umar bin Farooq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki behen].


Teen baras tak Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) chhupke chhupke logon ko Islam sikhaate rahe, phir khullam khulla sikhaane lage jahan koi khara, baitha miljaata ya majm’a nazar ata wahan jaakar hidayat farmaate.


Makkah wale abh Muslamaann ko satane lage, inko ranj ye tha keh jo koi musalmaan hojata hai woh but poojna chhor deta hai- Musalmaan do (2) baras tak bari bari takleefen sehte rahe, phir unhon ne tang aakar makkah se chale jaane ka irada karliya.

 

MUSALMAANON KA WATAN CHORNA:

 

Rajab 5 Nubuwwat mein sab se pehle Usman ghani (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ghar baar chhor kar apni dusri zauja Ruqayyah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ko [Jo Nabi (ﷺ) ki dusri beti hain] saath lekar habash ko rawana hue, Nabi (ﷺ) ne farmaaya keh Lut (علیہ السلام) paighambar ke ba’ad Usman رضی اللّٰہ عنہ pehle shakhs hain jinhon ne Allah Ta’aala ki raah mein ghar baar chhora hai- unko samundar tak 5 aurten aur 12 mard mazeed jaa milay, unke peeche bohat musalmaan Habsha gae, Un main Jafar taya (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) bhi the jo Ali ul Murtaza (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke sage bhai hain.

 

6 Nubuwwat ko Hamzah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) [Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ke chacha] aur unke teen (3) din ba’ad Umar Farooq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) musalmaan hue.

 

7 Nubuwwat ko Quresh ne apas mein aik ahad naama likha keh koi shakhs musalmaanon ke saath lain dain aur rishta naata na kare, Hashim Qabileh ke saath bhi lain dain rishta naata band, kyun ke woh Nabi (ﷺ) ka saath nahi chhorta.

 

10 Nubuwwat :


Nabi kareem (ﷺ) Taif pahar par Islam ka wa’az farmaane gae jab Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) wa’az ke lye khare hote tou log pathar mara karte , Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) lahu mein tar bah tar hojate lahu beh beh kar jute mein jam jaata, paon se juta utaarna mushkil hojata.
Aik din Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ko itni choten lageen keh behosh ho kar gir gae, Zaid bin haritha (ﷺ) jo sath the , Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ko utha kar basti se bahar legae, munh par paani chhirakne se hosh aya, Phir Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) wahan se chale ae aur ye bhi farmaaya keh agar yehlog musalmaan nahi hote tou unki aulad tou zarur Allah paak ko aik maanne waali hojaegi (aath (8) saal ba’ad saara pahar musalmaan hogaya).

 

11 Nubuwwat :


Nabi kareem ﷺ raaston, guzargaahon par jaya karte, atay jaate ko wa’az sunate aik din Nabi Kareem ﷺ shehr ko aa rahe the, raat hochuki thi, Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ko aik tarf se kuchh aadmiyon ki baat cheet ki awaz sunae di, udhar hi gae, wahan madina ke 6 admi utre hue the, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne wa’az farmaaya, Islam samjhaya, woh musalmaan hogae.

 

12 Nubuwwat :

 

  1. 27 rajab ko 51 saal 5 mah ki umr mein Nabi Kareem (ﷺ) ko Meraj hui. Musalmaanon par 5 namaazen farz hueen, is se pehle do namaazen Fajr aur Asr ki parhi jaati theen.
  2. Mausam-e-Hajj mein 18 afraad madina se makkah ae unhon ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke haath par Islam qubool kiya. Nabi Kareem ﷺ unke sath Mas’ab bin Umair (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ko madina bhej diya keh logon ko Islam sikhlaen. Is paak zameen mein Islam ko khoob taraqqee hui, Mas’ab (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke wa’az se Banu najar aur Banu Ashhal ke qabeelay aur dusre qabeelon ke bohat se log aik saal kay ander musalmaan hogae.

 

 

13 Nubuwwat :

 

  1. 2 auraten aur 73 mard madina se ae aur unhon ne bai’at e Islam ki aur Nabi Kareem ﷺ se arz kiya keh Madina chaliye. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne manzoor farmaaya keh madina raha karen ge. Unhon ne iqrar kiya keh Islam par pakke reh kar Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki ita’at aur nusrat kiya karen ge.
  2. Jab Makkah ke dushmanon ne suna keh Islam Makkah se bahar phail raha hai tou unhon ne irada karliya keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko qatl karden ge, aik raat unhon ne Nabi kareem ﷺ ke ghar ko gher liya. Nabi Kareem ﷺ unke ghere mein se saaf nikal gae.

 

HIJRAT:


Nabi Kareem ﷺ ghar se nikalkar teen din raat Ghaar-e-Thawr ke andar rahe. Abu Bakr siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) bhi saath the. Doshumba 1 Rabbi ul awwal, 1 hijri ko ghaar se nikle. Do (2) ount safar ke liye maujood the. Aik par Nabi Kareem ﷺ aur Abu Bakr Siddee (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) sawar hue. Aur dusre par Amir bin Fuhayyira [Abu Bakr siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke ghulam] aur aik raaste ka waqif shakhs tha aur Madina ko rawana hue.


Jab dushmanon ne Nabi kareem ﷺ ka jaana sunna tou unhon ne bare bare in’aam muqarrar kiye is shakhs ke liye jo Nabi kareem ﷺ ko pakar lae ya sar kaat kar lae.


In’aam ke lalach mein bohat se log peeche lage, magar do (2) shakhs Nabi Kareem ﷺ tak pohanche; (i) Pehla Suraqa bin malik, ye tou apne qusoor ki muafi lekar wapis agaya, (ii) Buredah aslami iske saath 70 sawar bhi the. Ye chehra e mubarak dekhte hi aur Kalam-e-paak sunte hi musalmaan hogaya aur Nabi kareem ﷺ ke saath agay chalagaya.

 

MADINA POHANCHE
1 hijri/ 14 Nubuwwat:

 

  1. Nabi kareem ﷺ madina pohanchte hi Allah Ta’aala ki ibadat ke liye masjid banae, deewaren khenchi eenton ki aur chhat par khajoor ke patte dale gae.
  2. Zuhr, Asr aur Isha ki namazen ab tak 2-2 raka’at farz the , yahan 4-4 rakaten muqarrar hui.
  3. Madina ke yahudiyon aur aas paas ke rehne waale qabeelon se aman aur dosti ke ahd naame hue.
  4. Jo musalmaan makkah se ae the (muhajireen) unka madina ke rehne wale musalmaanon (Ansar) se bhai charah (mawakhaat) qayem kiya gaya. Ye deen ke bhai sage bhaiyon se ziada pyar karte the (apus mein) apni jaedaden bant lete the.

 

2 Hijri / 15 Nubuwwat:

 

  1. Namaz ke liye azaan dene lage.
  2. Allah ke hukm se kabatullah ki tarf munh karke namaz parhne lage.
  3. Mah-e-Ramazan ke roze farz hue.

 

3 Hijri / 16 Nubuwwat:


Zakat farrz hui jiska matlab ye hai keh jo maal daar musalmaan hai wo saal ba’ad apni kamai mein se 40th hissa ghareebon ko zarur khairat diya kare.

 

4 Hijri / 17 Nubuwwat:
Musalmaanon par sharab ka peena haram hua.

 

5 Hijri / 18 Nubuwwat:
Aurton ko parde ka hukm hua.

 

 

6 Hijri / 19 Nubuwwat:


Nabi Kareem ﷺ kabatullah ki ziyarat ke liye makkah ae, jab makkah se 8 kos dur rahe tou Quresh ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko agay barhne se rokdiya. Nabi kareem ﷺ thehr gae, magar yahan theherne ka faida ye hua keh quresh ke saath Ahd (un baton par) hogaya.

 

  1. Dus (10) bars tak sulah rahe, apus mein ana jana, lain dain jaari rahe, jo qabeele chahen musalmaanon se mil jae, jo chahey quresh se mila rahe.
  2. Musalmaan agle saal akar kabatullah mein namaz parh saken ge.
  3. Agar Quresh ka koi shakhs musalmaan hokar Nabi kareem ﷺ ke paas jaa pohanche tou use quresh ke paas wapis bhejdiya jaya kare aur agar koi musalmaan Islam chhor kar quresh se jaa mile tou wo wapis nahi diya jaega pichhli baat sunkar musalmaan ghabra uthey lekin Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne has kar use bhi manzoor farma liya.

 

Quresh ka khayal tha keh is shart se darkar agay koi shakhs musalmaan na hoga lekin abhi ahd nama likha jaraha tha keh (Jo makkah walon ki tarf se ahad karne aya tha) sahl ka beta Abu Nasr wahan pohanch gaya, ye musalmaan hogaya tha, Qaum ne qaid kar rakha tha ab mauqa paa kar bhaag aya tha, lohe ki zanjeeren abhi uske paon mein thi.
Sahl ne kaha keh ahd ke muwafiq use wapis kardo.
Musalmaanon ne kaha keh abhi ahd naame par dastakhat nahi hue, iski shuroot par aml nahi hosakta, Sahl ne bigar kar kaha keh ham sulah hi nahi karte.

 

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Abu Nasr ko unke hawale kardiya, unhon ne isko phir qaid me daldiya , usne jail hi mein Islam sikhlana shuru kardiya aur is tarah 300 aadmi aik saal ke ander makkah hi mein musalmaan hogae, har shakhs jise thori bohat samajh hai, is baat se jansakta hai keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki sacchai aur Islam ki khoobi kis tarah dilon ko apna bana rahi thi keh azeezon, pyaron ki judai , watan ki duri, takleefon ka dar, qaid ka dukh bhi logon ko musalmaan hone se nahi roksakta tha.

 

6 Hijri mein Nabi Kareem ﷺ apne waqt ke mashhoor mashhoor badshahon ke paas Safeer bhejay, inko Islam lane ki hidayat farmaayi.
Ab unka zikr kiya jaata hai:

 

  1. Habshah ka badshah Ashama Najashi tha, wo Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke khat par musalmaan hogaya.
  2. Bahrain ka Badshah Munzar tha , musalmaan hua, uski bohat si ri’aya bhi musalmaan hogae.
  3. Oman ka badshah Jaifar tha, woh aur uska bhai musalmaan hue.
  4. Khusro, Iran ka badshah tha. Usne Nabi kareem ﷺ ka murasla chaak kardiya aur yemen ke hakim ko likha keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko qaid karke bhejden, hakim ka naam Baazan tha, usne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke theek theek haal malum kiye aur musalmaan hogaya, Mulk bhi musalmaan hogaya.
  5. Askandariya ka badshah Maqoqash tha, musalmaan na hua. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke liye qeemti qeemti tohfe bhejay.
  6. Mulk sham ka hakim Haris tha, Islam na laya.
  7. Mulk yemen ka hakim Hawzah tha, Islam na laya.
  8. Rome ka Qaiser, Harqal tha, usne pehle tou Nabi kareem ﷺ ke halat malum kiye phir apne darbaariyon se kaha keh musalmaan hojana chahiye phir usne dekha keh sardar log nahi mante aur saara darbar bigar jaane ko tayyar hai tou dargaya keh mera takht bhi na jaata rahe, isliye musalmaan na hua.

 

Qaiser ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke is tarah halat dariyaft kiye the,

hukm diya keh jo koi shakhs Makkah se aya hua Shaam mein mile use darbar mein hazir kiya jae.
Talash karne walon ko Abu Sufyan Umwi mila. Us ke saath kuchh aur aadmi bhi the. Ye Nabi Kareem ﷺ se kae larayyan bhi lar chuka tha aur un donon mein bhi wo Nabi Kareem ﷺ ka sakht dushman tha.
Abu Sufyan ka bayan hai keh use shehr mein le gae. Darbar sardaron se bhara hua tha, aur Harqal taj pehne baitha tha, Harqal ne apne tarjumaan se kaha poochho keh: Tum mein se kaun shakhs qareebi hai us shakhs ka, jo apne aap ko Nabi samajhta hai?


Abu Sufyan: Mein qareebi hoon.
Qaiser: kiya qarabat hai?
Abu Sufyan: Woh mera chachera bhai hai, ye isliye kaha keh qafle mein mere siva aur koi Abd e munaf ki nasal se na tha.
Qaiser: Isee agay lao aur iske saathiyon ko uske moondhe ke barabar khara kardo, mein is se kuchh baten poochhun ga, saathiyon ko samjha do keh agar ye jhoot bole tou batladen.
Abu Sufyan kehta hai keh: Mujhe sharm ae keh mere saathi mujhe jhutlaen ge, nahi tou mein bohat baten banata.
Qaiser: Us ka nasb kaisa hai?
Abu Sufyan: Wo aali nasb hai.
Qaiser: kisi aur ne bhi pehle aisa dawah kiya hai?
Abu Sufyan: Nahi
Qaiser: Us shakhs ko kabhi jhoot bolne ki tohmat bhi di gae hai?
Abu Sufyan: Nahi.
Qaiser: Sardar log uska mazhab maan rahe hain ya ghareeb log.
Abu Sufyan: Ghareeb log.
Qaiser: Wo barh rahe hain ya ghat rahe hain?
Abu Sufyan: Barh rahe hai.
Qaiser: Koi shakhs bezar hokar uske deen ko chhor bhi deta hai?
Abu Sufyan: Nahi.

 

Qaiser: Wo ahd shikni bhi karta hai?
Abu Sufyan: Nahi. Haan ab hamara ahd hua hai aur dar rahe hain keh woh tordega. Abu Sufyan kehta hai keh mein itni baat se ziada koi baat aisi na keh saka keh jis se Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki kami nikalti aur mere saathi mujhe jhutlaate.
Qaiser: Kabhi tumhari aur uski jung hui?
Abu Sufyan: Haan.
Qaiser: phir kiya raha?
Abu Sufyan: kabhi wo jeeta kabhi hum.
Qaiser: Iski taleem kiya hai?
Abu Sufyan: Wo kehta hai: Akele Allah ki ibadat karo kisi ko Uska sharik na banao, baap dada ke thaakuron, buton ki pooja na karo, namaz parho, sadaqah do, parhezgaar raho, ahd poora karo, amanaten ada karo.
Qaiser ne tarjumaan se kaha: Ise batlado:

 

Tu kehta hai keh woh aali nasb hai, beshak Nabi aise hi hua karte hain.
Tu kehta hai keh pehle kisi Nabi ne aisa dawah nahi kiya agar aisa hota tou mein samajh leta keh woh usi ki pairvi karta hai.
Tu kehta hai keh (Nubuwwat) ke dawah se pehle koi bhi use jhoota hone ki tohmat na deta tha, tou ab yeh kyun kar hosakta hai keh jis shakhs ne kabhi insaan par jhoot nahi bandha wo Allah par jhoot bandhne lage.
Tu kehta hai keh baap dada mein se koi badshah na tha, agar aisa hota tou mein samajhta keh is bahaane se baap dada ka mulk chahta hai.
Tu kehta hai keh iske mazhab mein ghareeb miskeen dakhil horahe hain, beshak yahi log pehle pehel Nabiyon ko maanne waale hote hain.
Tu kehta hai keh musalmaan barh rahe hain, beshak imaan ki yahi taseer hai keh wo barhta rehta hai jab tak woh poora kamal hasil na karle.
Tu kehta hai keh iske deen se koi bezar nahi hota , beshak imaan ki yehi halat hai keh jab dil ke ander jaa pohanchta hai tou phir dil se juda nahi hota.
Tu kehta hai keh wo kabhi ahd nahi torta, beshak Nabi aise hi hua karte hain.

 

Tu kehta hai keh hum mein jangen huin aik dafa woh ghalib raha aur aik dafa tum, Haan Nabiyon ki bhi azmaish hoti hai, magar akhir Nabi ki hi fatah hoti hai.
Tu kehta hai keh woh aik Allah ki Ibadat karne ko aur shareek na thehrane ko kehta hai , woh baap dadaon ke jhoote maboodon se rokta hai, namaz, sacchai, parhezgaari, eefa e ahd , adaigi e amanat ka hukm deta hai, beshak Nabi kay yehi tareeqe hote hain.

 

Qaiser:
Qaiser ne phir kaha: Mein janta tha keh aik Nabi ka zahur hone wala hai, magar ye guman na tha keh woh Mulk Arab mein hoga.
Dekh! Agar tere jawab sacche hain, tou woh is jagah ka bhi malik ban jaega jahan mein baitha hua hoon.
Kaash mein is tak pohanch sakta, kash mein iske paon dhoya karta.

 

6 Hijri ke ba’ad aur bhi bohat se naami naami raees musalmaan hue the, un logon ne pehle Islam ke babat suna phir khud bhi tahqeeq ki aur jab sacchai ka pata lagaya tab musalmaan hue, mashhoor logon ke naam ye hain:


      1.Thamama, wali e najad: 7 hijri mein musalmaan hua.

 

  1. Jablah shah ghashaan: 7 hijri mein musalmaan hua.
  2. Farwah bin Amr Khuzai: Qaiser ki tarf se Mulk shaam ka governor tha, 7 hijri mein musalmaan hua.
    Jab Qaiser ne suna keh woh musalmaan hogaya tou wo Farwah ko bulaya aur hukm diya keh Islam chhor den usne na maana, Qaiser ne qaid kardiya, phir bhi woh pakka raha tab phansi par charha diya, woh phansi par charhta hua bhi shukr karta tha keh Islam par marta hoon.
    4,5,6. Khalid bin waleed (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Usman bin abu talha (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), Amru bin aas (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) Makkah ke mashhoor sardar the, khud Madinah pohanche aur 8 hijri mein musalmaan hue.
  3. Mashhoor dushman-e-Islam Abu Jahl ka beta, Akrama bara bahadur naami sardar tha, 8 hijri mein musalmaan hua.
  4. A’di apne ilaqe ka raees tha, mashhoor sakhi Hatim Tae ka beta tha, bara bahadur tha, 9 hijri mein musalmaan hua.
  5. Ukaydir, Dumatul Jandal ka wali tha, 9 hijri mein musalmaan hua.
  6. Zil Kalaa’ ye Taif aur kuchh hissa yemen aur qabail Humair ka badshah tha, khuda kehlaya karta, sajade karaya karta, jab musalmaan hua tou saltanat chhor kar ghareebana raha karta. 9 hijri mein musalmaan hua.

 

QABAYAIL KA MUSALMAAN HONA:


Badshahon, Hukmaraanon ke siva Arab ke bare bare qabeelay jo Islam ki hidayat se dil ke shoth aur mohabbat se musalmaan hue aur Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki ziyarat ko dur dur se Madinah ae woh bhi bohat hain, un ke halat ko Kitaab “Rehmatulil alameen” mein parhna chahye.

 

8 Hijri / 20 Nubuwwat:


Makkah jahan se kaafiron ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko nikala tha, jahan kisi ghareeb musalmaan ka zinda rehna mushkil tha, jahan Islam ki baat karna bhi kisi ko asaan na tha, Is saal Makkah fatah hogaya, Kabatullah jahan 320 but rakhe the, buton se paak hua aur jis kaam ke liye yeh masjid chaar hazar saal (4000 years) pehle banae gae thi yani sirf aik Allah ki Ibadat, ab wohi isme jaari hui.


9 Hijri / 21 Nubuwwat:

 

  1. Is saal Hajj farz hua Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ko Haajjiyon ke qafilay ka ameer banaya aur kae sou musalmaanon ne Hajj ada kiya.
  2. Ali Murtaza (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ne maidan-e-Hajj mein Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke hukm se ailaan kiya keh ab agay ko koi mushrik khana e k’abah ke andar dakhil na hoga, koi aurat ya mard nange hokar k’abah ka tawaf na karsake ga. Jin logon ne ahd shikni ki hai unke saath koi ahd baaqi na samjha jaega.

 

Ghazwaat:


Nabi Kareem ﷺ jab Madinah aa base the, tab dushmaanon ne faujain ikatthi keen aur kae dafa musalmaanon par charh charh kar gae, chaar bars tak musalmaanon ne sabr kiya phir unhon ne bhi kae dafa agay barh kar dushman ki hamla aawar faujon ko tittar bittar kiya, ye jhagre 2 Hijri se shuru hue aur 9 hijri tak 7 saal rahe, Mashhoor mashhoor ghazwaat ye hain:

 

  1. Badr 2 hijri.
  2. Uhad 3 hijri.
  3. Khandaq 5 hijri.
  4. Khaibar 5 hijri.
  5. Makkah 8 hijri.
  6. Hunain 8 hijri.
  7. Tabook 9 hijri.

 

10 hijri / 22 Nubuwwat:

Nabi kareem ﷺ ne hajj kiya,


1 lakh 44 hazar muslamaan hajj mein shamil the, Nabi kareem ﷺ ne is mouq’a par Islam ke saare usool samjhae. Jahiliyyat ki rasmon, shirk ki baton ka miliya mait kiya.
Ummat ko alvida kaha.

 

11 hijri:


Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne 23 bars 5 din tak Allah Ta’aala ka hukm bandon ko pohancha kar Allah ka saccha, seedha rasta dikhakar 63 bars 5 din ki umr mein 13 Rabbi ul awwal ko doshumbe ke din duniya se kooch farmaaya.
Inna lilllaahi wa inna ilaihi raji’oon.

 

KHUTBA:


Wafat se aik maheena pehle sab ko bula kar Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Musalmaanon! Allah Ta’aala tumko salamati se rakhe, tumhari hifazat farmaaye, tumhen bachae, tumhari madad kare, tumko buland kare, hidayat aur toufeeq de, apni panah mein rakhe aafaton se bachae, tumhaare deen ko tumhare liye mehfooz banae.
Mein tumko taqwa aur Allah se darne ki wasiyat karta hoon, tumko Allah ke supurd karta hoon aur tumko Allah ke azab se darata hoon.
Umeed hai keh tum bhi logon ko is se darao ge, tumko chahye keh keh Allah bandon aur bastiyon me sarkashi, takabbur aur barh kar chalne ko na phailne dou, akhirat ka ghar unhi ke lie hai jo duniya mein barh kar nahi chalte aur fasad nahi karte, achhi aa’fiyat sirf muttaqeen ki hai, farmaaya jo bari bari hukumaten tumko milengi mein unko dekh raha hoon mujhe dar nahi raha keh tum mushrik banjao ge lekin dar yeh hai keh duniya ki raghbat aur fitne mein parh kar kaheen halak na hojaou jese pehli ummaten halak hogaen.”

 

Inteqal se kuchh din pehle phir sab musalmaanon ko bulaya ansar-o-muhajireen ki babat hidayaten aur naseehatein farmaayeen.

 

Phir farmaaya keh: “Agar kisi shakhs ka haqq mujh par ho tou bata de.” Aik ne kaha keh: “Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne aik miskeen ko mujh se 3 dirham dilae the, woh nahi mile, yeh dirham Nabi kareem ﷺ ne usi waqt ada kar diye phir bohat logon ke haqq mein duain keen.
Bemari ke dinon mein farmaaya : “Logon! Laundi, ghulamon ki babat Allah ko yaad rakho inko khoob pehnao, khoob khilao, inke saath hamesha narmi se baat karo.”
Naza’a ki halat mein farmaaya: “Namaz, Namaz, laundi ghulam ke huqooq”, Akhiri lafz jo asmaan ki tarf ankh utha kar farmaaye yeh the: “Allah behtareen rafeeq”.

 

 

KUNBE KE HALAT:


Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke nau (9) chacha the, Un mein Hamzah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ), (in ka laqab; Asadullah wa rasooluh aur sayyad us shuhada hai.) aur Abbas (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) (Ali Murtaza (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke walid hain), musalmaan hue, Abu Talib Nabi kareem ﷺ ke fidai aur nasir the,


Chay (6) phupiyaan jis mein se Saffiyah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) (Zubair bin Al awam (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki walida) musalmaan hueen.

Ghulam, 12 sabko azad farmaadiya tha.


Laundiyaan Teen(3) : un mein aik Umme Ayman thi jisne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko goud khilaya tha, Nabi Kareem ﷺ unki bohat izzat karte the.


Bete Teen(3):

 Qasim (Is bete ke naam par hi Nabi kareem ﷺ ki kuniyat Abu al qasim hai), Abdullah (Unka laqab tayyab wa tahir hai), Ibrahim, Sab bachpan hi mein faut hogae.

 

Betiyaan Chaar(4) :


(i) Zainab (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : unke shohar Abu Al Aas bin Rabee’
(ii) Ruqayyah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) aur
(iii) Umme Kulsum (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Donon ke shohar Usman ghani (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) the, Umme kulsum (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ka nikah Ruqayyah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ki wafat ke ba’ad hua tha.
(iv) Fatima (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا): unke Shohar Ali Murtaza (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) the, Imam Hussain aur Imam Hasan (رضی اللّٰہ عنہما) un hi ke batan se hain.

 

BIWIYAN:


Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki har aik biwi ka laqab Allah ke hukm se Ummahatul Momineen ( Mominon ki maan) hai, har aik ka mukhtasar haal likha jaata hai:

 

1. Ummahatul Momineen Khadijatul kubra (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا): Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki pehli biwi hain, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki diyanat, kamal aur barakat ko dekh kar unhon ne shadi ki darkhast khud ki thi, Ibrahim ke siva baaqi sab aulad inhi se hai, Inki sacchai aur ghamghasari ko Nabi Kareem ﷺ unki wafat ke ba’ad bhi hamesha yaad farmaate rahe.

2. Ummahatul Momineen Saudah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Ye apne shohar Sakran ke saath musalmaan huin theen, unki maan bhi musalmaan hogae thi, phir teenon hijrat karke habash chale gae the, wahan unke shohar inteqal kargae, Nabi kareem ﷺ ne unse nikah 10 Nubuwwat mein (Khadijahtul Kubra (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ki wafat ke ba’ad karliya).

3. Ummahatul momineen Ayesha Siddiqa (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki beti hain, Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) dil wa jaan, zar wa maal se Nabi Kareem ﷺ aur Islam ki khidmaten aisi keen keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ farmaaya karte the keh: “Sab ki khidmaton ka badla dechuka hoon, lekin Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki khidmaton ka sila Allah hi dega”.
Abu Bakr Siddeeq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) apni beti Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko deni chahi aur kaha keh meri zindagi bhar ki teen arzuen hain aur aik yeh keh meri beti Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke ghar mein ho. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne apne yaar-e-ghaar ki arz ko Allah Ta’aala ke hukm se manzoor karliya. Ayesha (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) do hijri ko Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke ghar mein aen jese baap ne Islam ki bari bari khidmaten ki theen, beti bhi aise hi aalima wa fazila hueen keh bare bare sahaabah akram ki mushkil mushkil baten unse poochha karte the. 2210 ahadees ki riwayat Ayesha (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) se hai.

4. Ummahatul Momineen Hafsa (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا): Umar Farooq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ki beti hain, apne pehle shohar ke saath habash ki tarf hijrat ki thi aur phir Hijrat e Madinah. Unke shohar ghazwa-e-Uhad mein zakhmi hogae aur unhi zakhmon se fout hogae the . Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne Hafsa (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) se 3 hijri mein shadi karli. Yeh Allah ki bandi ibadat guzar bhi had darja theen.

5. Ummahatul Momineen Zainab binte Khuzaimah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا): Inka pehla nikah Tufayl bin haris se, phir Ubaida bin hars se hua tha. Ye donon Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke haqeeqi chachere bhai they- teesra nikah Abdullah bin hajash se hua tha, ye Nabi kareem ﷺ ke phuppi zaad bhai the, woh Jung-e-uhad mein shaheed hue, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne unse 3 hijri mein nikah karliya ,woh nikah ke ba’ad sirf 3 maheene zinda raheen. Yeh bibi ghareebon ki itni madad aur parwarish kiya karti theen keh unka laqab
Ummul Masakeen parh gaya tha.

6. Ummahatul Momineen Umme Salma (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Unka pehla nikah Abu Salma Abd bin al asad se hua tha jo Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke phuppi ke bete aur doodh ke bhai the, Unhon ne apne shohar ke saath Hijrat-e-Habash ki thi aur phir hijrat-e-Madinah, Makkah se Madinah tak tanha safar kiya tha, Abu Salma ne jung-e-uhad ke zakhmon se wafat pae thi, chaar bache yateem chhoray, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne bekas bacchon aur unki halat par rehm khaakar unse 3 hijri mein nikah karliya.

 

7. Ummahatul Momineen Zainab binte Hajash (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : yeh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki sagi phuppi ki beti hain. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne koshish karke inka nikah apne azad karda ghulam Zaid (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) se karwadiya tha, lekin shohar ki Zainab رضی اللّٰہ عنہا ke saath na bani aur biwi ko chor diya. Zainab (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ki is museebat aur zilllat ka badla Allah Ta’aala ne yeh diya keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke saath unka nikah 5 hijri mein karadiya.

 

Aiteraz karne walay kehte hain keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne aik din Zainab (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ko dekhliya tha is liye apne munh bole bete se chhurwa kar apna nikah unse kiya, yeh log teen baten bhool jaate hain.

 

  • Ye Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki sagi phuppi ki beti hain- Aankhon ke samne pali aur bari unki shakl o surat ki baat Nabi kareem ﷺ se kuchh bhi chhupi na thi.
  • Unka pehla nikah Zaid (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke saath khud Nabi kareem ﷺ ne bari sa’ee se karaya tha.
  • Islam mutabanna (Munh bola beta) banane ko batil thehrata hai.
  • Ummahatul Momineen Juveria (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Larai mein pakri gaeen theen aur Sabit bin qais ke hisse mein aen, woh 20 saal jawan the, magar unhon ne kuch rupayya unka lagadiya (makatib kardiya) jiske ada karne se wo choot jaateen. Juveria (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) yeh chanda maangne ke liye Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke paas aen aur ye bhi zahir kiya keh mein musalmaan hochuki hoon. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne un ka saara rupayya ada kardiya (Azad hogaeen) phir farmaaya behtar yeh hai keh mein tumhare saath nikah karlun (yeh is khayal se farmaaya keh agar aur aseer ae unhon ne bhi chanda maanga tou kiya kiya jaega) Jab lashkar ne yeh suna keh yeh qaidi ab Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke rishtedar bangae tou unhon ne sab qaidiyon ko chhordiya is chhoti si tadbeer se Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne aik sou se ziada insaanon ko laundi wa ghulam banae janay se bacha diya- ye nikah 5 hijri mein hua.

8. Ummahatul Momineen Umme Habeeba (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Abu Sufyan ▪️ ki beti hain, Jin dinon unka baap Nabi kareem ﷺ ke saath larai kar raha tha yeh musalmaan hueen theen- Islam ke liye bari bari takleefen uthaen- phir shohar ko lekar Habash ki tarf hijrat ki, wahan jaakar unka shohar murtad hogaya aisi sakhti aur imaan mein pakki bibi ke liye yeh kitni bari museebat thi keh Islam ke waste baap, bhai, khandan aur apna mulk watan chhora tha, pardais mein khawind ka sahara tha, uski bedeeni se woh bhi jaata raha. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne aisi sabeiah ke saath 5 hijri mein khud nikah karliya- ye nikah Habash hi mein parhaya gaya tha taake Umme Habeeba ki museebaton ka jald khatimah hojaey.

9. Ummahatul Momineen Maimoona (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) : Inke do nikah hochuke the , unki aik behen Abbas (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke, aik behen Hamza (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke, aur aik behen Jafar tayyar (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ke ghar mein theen- aik behen Khalid bin walid (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ki maan thi- Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke chacha Abbas (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ne Nabi kareem ﷺ se unki babat kaha aur Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne apne chacha ke kehne par 7 hijri mein un se nikah karliya.
Ye sab nikah is ayat se pehle hochuke the, jismein aik musalmaan ke waaste bibiyon ki tadad ziada se ziada (basharte adl) chaar (4) tak muqarrar ki gae hai.

 

KHULQE MUHAMMADI (ﷺ) :

 

Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Allah Ta’aala ne mujhe isliye nabi banaya hai keh mein pakeezah akhlaaq aur naik a’maal ki takmeel karun.”
Ayesha Siddiqua (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) se kisi ne poochha: “Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke akhlaaq kese the?”. Farmaaya: “Quran-e-majeed unka akhlaq hai, matlab ye hai keh darakht phal se aur insaan apni taleem se pehchana jaata hai, tum Qur’an-e-Majeed se Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki shanakht karo.”

 

Qur’an-e-Majeed ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko Rehmatulil alameen kaha hai aur zamane ki sacchi tareekh batlati hai keh Nabi kareem ﷺ ka wujood bilkul rehmat tha.


Aik hadees se Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke akhlaaq yeh ma’lum hote hain: “Nabi kareem ﷺ shahid khulq hain, hukm maanne walon ko khush khabri sunate aur nafarmaanon ko darate hain. Anjaanon ki panah, Allah ke bande aur rasool sab kaamon ko Allah par chhor dene wale, na aadat ke sakht aurBol chaal mein karakht cheekh kar nahi bolte, badi ka badla wese hi nahi dete, unka kaam qaum aur mazhab kuji hae ko durust kardena hai aur aik Allah ki wahdaniyat ko qayem kardena, unki taleem andhon ko aankhen, behron ko kaan deti hai aur ghafil dilon se parda utha deti hai. Har aik khoobi se arasta, Har khulq kareem se ata yafta, sakeena unka libas hai.


Nakoi unka shi’aar hai, Unka zameer (paak dil) Taqwa hai, unka kalam hikmat hai. Sidq o wafa un ki tabiyat hai. Affwa aur ehsaan ki Nabi kareem ﷺ ki adat mubarak hai, adl aap ﷺ ki seerat hai , sacchai unki shari’at hai aur hidayat unki rehnumai hai , millat unka Islam hai aur Ahmed aap ﷺ ka naam hai.
Woh zalalat ke ba’ad hidayat dene wale aur jahalat ke ba’d uloom seekhane wale hain, gumnaamon ko raf’at dene wale. Majhoolon ko namwar kardene wale. Qillat ko kasrat aur tangdasti ko ghina se badal dene wale hain, Allah Ta’aala ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke zariye se ikhtilaf ke bajae ittefaq bakhsha, phate hue dilon ko ulfat ata farmaayi. Gun na gun khwahishon aur bu qalmon ko wahdat arzai farmai. Inki ummat behtreen ummat hai , iska kaam logon ko hidayat karna hai.

 

 

SABR AUR HILM:

 

  1. Taif walon ne Nabi kareem ﷺ ko pathar par pathar maar kar behosh kardiya tha, Farishte ne aa kar kaha: “Hukm den tou ye basti ulat dun”- Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Nahi, Nahi agar yeh Musalmaan nahi hote tou umeed hai keh unki aulad musalmaan hojaegi”.
  2. Aik yahudi ka qarz dena tha, Wade ke din baaqi the, usne raah chalte Nabi kareem ﷺ ka girebaan aa kar pakar liya keh mera qarz ada kardo, Farooq رضی اللّٰہ عنہ ne kaha: “Yeh ghustakh qatl hona chahiye”, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Nahi, tum mujhe khubsurti se (qarz) ada karne ko kaho, aur use taqaze ka accha dhab batlao”, phir use has kar farmaaya: “Abhi tou wade ke din baaqi hain”.
  3. Aik ganwar ne peechhe se aa kar zor se Nabi kareem ﷺ ki chadar khenchi, (jis se) gardan surkh hogae, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne palat kar dekha tou woh bola keh: “Meri madad karo, mein ghareeb hoon”, Farmaaya: “Aik ount jao ka, aik khajoor ka dilado.”

 

ADAB AUR TAWAZ’O :

 

  1. Logon ke andar (beech) kabhi paon phela kar nahi baithe.
  2. Apni ta’zeem ke liye musalmanon ko khara hone se roka karte the.
  3. Dast mubarak (haath) ko koi pakar leta tou Aap ﷺ us se kabhi na churate.
  4. Kisi ki baat na kattay.
  5. Sawar hokar paidal ko saath lete, ya tou sawar kara lete ya wapis kar dete, Abu Hurairah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) kehte hain keh aik din Nabi Kareem ﷺ khacchar par bila palaan ke sawar the, mein milgaya, farmaaya: “Sawar hojao”, mein Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko pakar kar charhne laga, mein tou charh saka lekin Nabi kareem ﷺ ko gira diya , Nabi kareem ﷺ ne sawar hokar dobara farmaaya mein charh na saka aur Nabi kareem ﷺ ko (phir) ghira diya, teesri bar Nabi kareem ﷺ ne sawar hokar farmaaya: “Sawar hojao”, mein ne kaha: “Mujhse tou charha nahi jaata, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko kahan tak giraun ga”.

 

Jood wa Sakhawat:


Sawali (sawal karne wale ko) kabhi rad na farmaate, Zuban par inkaar na laate, agar kuchh bhi dene ko na hota tou sawali se uzr karte jese koi muafi maangta hai.

 

  1. Aik ne aa kar sawal kiya. Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Mere paas tou hai nahi, tum bazar se mere naam par qarz lelo”, Umar Farooq (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ne kaha: “Allah Ta’aala ne aap ﷺ ko yeh takleef nahi di”, Nabi kareem ﷺ chup kar gae, aik ne paas se keh diya keh: “Allah ki raah mein dena hi accha hai”, ispar Nabi kareem ﷺ khush hogae.

 

SHARM O HAYA:


Abu Sa’eed Khudri (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) kehte hain keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ mein parda nasheen larki se barh kar haya thi.

 

  1. Apne kaam mein apni jaan par takleef utha lete, magar dusron ko sharm ki wajah se na farmaate.
  2. Kisi ko koi kaam karte dekh lete jo na pasand hota tou us kaam ka naam lekar kuch na farmaate, aam taur par logon ko us kaam se rok diya karte.

 

MEHERBAANI AUR MOHABBAT:

 

  1. Nafli ibadat chhup kar kiya karte keh ummat par itni ibadat ka karna mushkil na bane.
  2. Har Kaam mein asaan surat ko pasand farmaate.
  3. Farmaaya: “Mere saamne kisi ki chughli na karo, mein nahi chahta keh kisi ki saaf dili mein meri tarf se farq ajae”.
  4. Wa’az aur naseehat kabhi kabhi kiya karte, taake log ukta na jaen.
  5. Bohat dafa aisa hota keh saari raat ummat ke liye dua kiya karte aur zaar zaar rote.

 

SILA REHMI:

 

  1. Mere dost tou imaan wale hain, lekin sila rehm sab ke saath hain.
  2. Aik jung mein aik aurat pakri ae, usne kaha keh mein aap ﷺ ki daey ki beti hoon, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne chadar apne upar se utar kar uske liye bichha di.
  3. Makkah walon ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko aur Musalmaanon ko sainkron dukh ranj de dekar watan se nikala tha, beesion sacche musalmaanon ko qatl kiya tha kyunkeh yeh log Allah ki ibadat karte hain. Jab Makkah fatah hogaya tou Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne sabko bulakar keh diya keh: “Tumhare sab qasur mu’af kiye jaate hain.”

 

ADL WA AITEDAAL:

 

  1. Jo jhagra do shakhson mein hota, Us mein adl farmaate. Agar kisi ka Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke saath koi mu’amila hota tou wahan rehm farmaate.
  2. Makkah mein aik aurat ka naam Fatima tha, usne chori ki, Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: “kiya tum t’azeerat-e-Ilaahi mein sifarish karte ho, Suno! Agar meri beti Fatima bhi aisa karti tou main t’azeer hi deta”.
  3. Aitedaal ki babat Nabi Kareem ﷺ ka irshad hai:
    “خیر الامور اوسطھا”
    is se har aik baat mein darmiyana pan rakhne ki hidayat milti hai.

 

SIDQ WA AMANAT:

 

  1. Jaani dushman bhi Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki sacchai aur amanat ka iqrar karte.
  2. Bachpan hi se saara mulk Nabi Kareem ﷺ ko Sadiq (Saccha) aur Ameen keh kar pukara karta tha.
  3. Aik din Abu Jahl ne kaha: “Ae Muhammad (ﷺ), mein tujhe jhoota nahi samajhta lekin tere deen par mera dil hi nahi jamta”.
  4. Jis raat Nabi Kareem ﷺ ghar se Madinah ke liye nikle the, dushmanon ne us raat Nabi kareem ﷺ ke qatl ka saman poora banaya tha, magar Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne pyare bhai Ali (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ko

 

IFFAT WA ASMAT:

 

  1. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Makkah mein log kahaniyan kaha karte the, mujhe bhi sunne ka shouq hua, Us waqt umr 10 bars se kam thi main is irade se chala, raaste mein zara aram ke liye baith gaya wahan neend agae, jab suraj nikla tab ankh khuli.”
  2. Isi umr ka zikr hai kisi ke yahan biyah tha , aurten gaa rahi theen, daf bajti thi, main sunne ke liye chala, chalte chalte neend ne ghalba kiya sogaya, din nikalte utha- un donon baton ke siwa kabhi kisi makrooh kaam ka main ne irada bhi nahi kiya”.

 

ZUHD:

 

  1. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki dua thi keh Ilaahi aik din mein bhooka rahun, aik din khane ko mile, bhook mein tere saamne girgiraya karun aur khana khaake tera shukr kiya karun.
  2. Ayesha Siddiqa (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) kehti hain keh: Nabi kareem ﷺ ka kunba maheene do maheene tak pani aur khajoor par guzran karta, chulhe mein aag tak jalae na jaati.
  3. Ayesha siddiqa (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) kehti hain keh: Mere ghar mein Nabi kareem ﷺ ka bistar khajoor keh pathon (chhaal) se bhara hua tha.
  4. Hafsa (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) kehti hain keh: Mere ghar mein Nabi Kareem ﷺ ka bistar sirf taat tha, use do teh karke bichha diya jaata, aik din hamne chaar teh kardiya, Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Bistar narm hogaya phir aisa na karo.”
  5. Ibn Awf’ (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) kehte hain keh Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne saari zindagi mein jao ki roti bhi pait bhar kar nahi khae.
  6. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne jo akhiri raat duniya mein kaati, us raat Ayesha Siddiqa رضی اللّٰہ عنہا ne chiragh ke liye tail aik padosan se udhaar liya tha.
  7. Wafat ke ba’ad Nabi kareem ﷺ ki zirrah yahud ke paas thi jo anaaj ke badle girwi thi.
  8. Nabi kareem ﷺ jese zuhd khud farmaaye aisi hi naseehat kunbe walon ko farmaate, Fatima binte Muhammad (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ne apne haath dikhae, tanoor ki aag se jale hue, chakki peesne se chhale parhe hue aur aik laundi maangi, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Allah ko khoob yaad karo, duniya ki takleefen kiya hai.”
  9. Dua farmaaya karte: Ilaahi Aal e Muhammad ko sirf itna den jise pait mein dal len.
  10. Zuhd ki ye sab suraten ikhtiyar theen, lachaari kuchh na thi.

 

IBADAT:

 

  1. Nafli namaz mein itni dair khare rehte keh paon soojh jaate. Sahaabah ne kaha keh; Ya Rasool Allah ﷺ, aap tou bakhshe hue hain phir itni takleef kyun farmaate hai. Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: “kiya mein ab Us ka shukr na karun?”
  2. Sajadeh mein itni itni dair tak parhe rehte keh dekhne walon ko inteqal kar jane ka wahm hojata.
  3. Manajaat ke waqt seena e mubarak daig ki tarah josh marta hua maloom hua karta.
  4. Ayat-e-Rehmat parhkar dua maangte aur Ayat-e-ghazab parh kar kaanp uthte.
  5. Kae kae din ka barabar roza rakha karte auron ko aise roze se mana karte.

 

AAM BARTAO:

 

  1. Sab se hasmukh hokar milte.
  2. Yateemon ko paalte aur baiwaon ki madad karte.
  3. Ghareebon miskeenon se pyar karte, unme jaa kar baitha karte.
  4. Safed zameen par baith jaate, apne liye koi saman imtiyaz ka pasand na farmaate.
  5. Laundi ghulam bhi bemar hojaate tou khud jaa kar unki khabr lete.
  6. Koi muslamaan mar jata, us par qarz hota tou Baitul maal se uska qarz dafan karne se pehle ada karte.
  7. Koi mukhlis marta tou uski tajheez o takfeen mein khud shamil hote.
  8. Munafiq log saamne aa kar gustakhyaan kiya karte.
  9. Aik dafa Najran ke esai agae Unko ijazat dedi keh masjid-e-Nabvi mein apne tareeqe ki namaz parh len.
  10. Jungle mein aik bakri zibah karne lage, aik bola mein zibah aur saaf kardunga, aik bola mein gosht kaat doonga, aik bola mein paka doonga, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Main lakriyan le aon ga”. Arz ki gae: “hum sab khidmat ko hazir hain, Nabi kareem ﷺ kyun takleef karen”, farmaaya: “Mein bhaiyon mein nikamma reha nahi chahta.”

 

AFU-O-REHM:

 

  1. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ke pyare chacha Ameer Hamzah (رضی اللّٰہ عنہ) ko Habshi ne mara, naak kaan wagherah kaate, kaleja nikala tha, phir bhi jab usne mu’afi ki babat arz kiya tou mu’af kardiya.
  2. Habbar ne Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki bari beti Zainab (رضی اللّٰہ عنہا) ko naizah mara. Woh haudaj se gir gaeen, hamal jata raha, wohi sadma unki maut ka sabab bana. Habbar saamne aa kar mu’afi maangi, mu’af farmaadiya.
  3. Aik dafa Nabi kareem ﷺ aik darakht ke neeche sogae, talwaar tehni se latkadi, aik dushman aya, talwaar uthali aur Nabi kareem ﷺ ko gustakhi se jagaya aur poocha: “Ab kaun tumko bachaega”, Nabi kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Allah”. Woh shakhs chakkar kha kat gir para, talwaar hath se chhoot gae, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne talwaar uthae, Farmaaya: “Ab tujhe kaun bacha sakta hai?” Wo hairaan hogaya. Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: “jai mein badla nahi liya karta”.
  4. Farmaaya: “jahiliyyat ki jin baton par qabeele lara karte the, main sab baton ko mitata hoon aur sabse pehle apne khandan ke khoon ka dawa chhorta hoon aur jin logon ne mere chacha se qarz liya hai unka qarza bhi mu’af karta hoon.”

 

TALEEMAT-E-MUSTAFWIA ﷺ


Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki paak taleem, aiteqadaat, Ibadaat, mu’amilat, muhlakat, manjyaat, raziyaat, ihsaniyaat ke bare mein bahr e napaid kinar hai. Nabi Kareem ﷺ ki buzurgi aur Islam ki bartari isi ta’leem par hai. Mera matlab is chhoti si kitaab mein is aik ta’leem ka namuna dikhla dena hai.

 
 
  • Tahzeeb Nafs(Apne aap ki durusti):

 

  1. Dana wo hai jo apne aap ko chhota samajhta hai aur kaam woh karta hai jo marne ke ba’ad kaam ae, nadan woh hai jo nafs ka kehna maanta hai aur Allah par umeeden bandhta hai.
  2. Pehelwaan woh nahi jo logon ko pichhar deta hai, pehlwaan woh hai jo nafs ko apne bas mein karleta hai.
  3. qana’at woh khazana hai jo kabhi khali nahi hota.
  4. Ghair zaroori kaam chhor dena umda deendari hai.
  5. Mashwarah bhi amanat hai, jhooti salah dena khayanat hai.
  6. Shar(Badi ya fasad) ko chor dena bhi sadqa hai.
  7. Haya sarapa khair hai (Sharm o haya mein naiki hi naiki hai).
  8. Sehat aur faraghat aisi nematen hain jo har aik ko muyassar nahi.
  9. Guzran mein mayana rawi rakhna nisf rozi hai (Samajh samjhkar kharch karna adhi kamai ke baraber hai).
  10. Tadbeer jesi koi bhi danae nahi.
    11 Jo ahad ka pakka nahi, wo deendar nahi.
  11. Aql se barh kar koi daulat nahi.
  12. Mard ki khubsurti uski fasahat hai.
  13. Jahalat se barh kar koi tangi nahi.
  14. Jis mein amanat nahi, us mein imaan nahi.
  15. Acchhe khalq ke barabar mohabbat ki koi tadbeer nahi.
  16. Tawazo se darje buland hote hain.
  17. Khairat se maal mein kami nahi ati.
  18. Apne bhai ko ta’na na do aisa na ho keh tum bhi usi haal mein phans jao.
  19. Jis tarah sirke se shehed kharab hojata hai, usi tarha bad khalqi se saari khoobiyan jaati rehti hain.

 
  • MAAN BAAP KI ITA’AT:

 

  1. Allah ki khushi baap ki khushi mein hai, Allah ka ghazab baap ke ghazab mein hai.
  2. Sab amalon se behtar namaz ka waqt par parhna hai phir maan baap ki ita’at.
  3. Sab gunaahon se barhkar shirk hai aur maan baap ki nafarmaani, phir jhooti gawahi aur jhoot bolna.

 

  • RISHTEDARON SE BARTAO:


Rehm (Qarabat), Rehman se nikla hai. Jo qarabat ko qayem rakhta hai, Allah use milata hai, jo use chhorta hai Allah us shakhs ko chhorta hai.

 

  • LARKIYON KA PAALNA:

 

  1. Agar kisi ke teen ya do betiyaan ya behnain ho aur woh Allah se darkar unki acchhi tarbiyat kare wo Jannati hai (khawah aik ho).
  2. Larkiyon ki parwarish aik imtehan hai jo is mein poora utra woh dozakh se bacha raheg a.

 

  • YATEEMON KA PAALNA:


Yateem ki parwarish karne wala Jannat mein mere saath yun rahe ga jese hath ki do ungliyaan.

 

  • BADSHAH WAQT KI ITA’AT:

 

  1. Badshah zameen par Allah ka saya hai.
  2. Agar habshi ghulam bhi hakim hojae tou uski ita’at tum par farz hai.
  3. Saltanat kufr se nahi jaati, balkeh zulm se jaati hai.

 

  • REHM DILI:


Jo rehm nahi karta uspar rehm nahi kiya jaega.

 

  • BHEEK MAANGNE KI BURAI:

 

  1. Jo koi logon se bheek maangta hai wo apne liye aag ikatthi kar raha hai. Ab bohat ikatthi karle ya thori.
  2. Sab se bura aadmi woh hai jo Allah ka waasta keh kar maangta hai aur phir bhi use kuchh nahi milta. Dekho Allah ka waasta dekar logon se mat maango, Allah hi se maango.

 

  • BAHMI BARTAO:

 

  1. Jo choton par rehm aur buzurgon ki izzat nahi karta, wo hum mein se nahi.
  2. Tum ahle zameen par meherbaani karo, Allah asmaan par meherbaan hoga.
  3. Aik momin dusre momin ke liye ayena hai, agar kisi bhai mein koi nuqs dekho tou use batlado.
  4. Apas ki mohabbat aur hamdardi mein deewar se misal seekho jiski aik eent dusri ko mazboot banadeti hai.
  5. Has kar milna, naik baat kehna, buri baat se hata dena , bhule bhatke ko raasta bata dena , thori nazar wale ko rasta batana, raaste mein kanta, pathar , haddi hata dena, kisi ko pani ka doul nikaaldena, ye sab kaam sadaqe jese hain.
  6. Salam karna (Ghareebon ko) khana khilana, raat ko chhup kar namaz parhna.
  7. Nabi kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Jiska khalq achha hai qiyamat ke din wohi mujhe pyara aur mere paas hoga, jiska khalq bura hai mein us se bezar aur dur rahunga, jo behuda bakte hain, gupshup lagate hain, takabbur karte hain, mein un se bezar hoon.
  8. Achhi halat mein rehne ka naam takabbur nahi, logon ko haqeer jaanna, sacchai ko rad kar dene ka naam takabbur hai.
  9. Sabse mohabbat rakho usi mein adhi aql hai.
  10. Ye mat kaho keh agar log hum se achha bartao karen ge tou hum bhi achha bartao karenge, aur agar woh zulm karenge tou hum bhi zulm karenge, balkeh aisi adat banao keh agar log tum se achha bartao karen tou tum unse ehsaan karo aur agar woh tum se burai karen tou tum unpar zulm na karo.

 

  • ILM KI BUZURGI:

 

  1. Jo koi ilm ki talash mein chalta hai, uske liye Jannat ki raah asaan kardi jaati hai.
  2. Tum jab tak ilm ki talash mein ho, Allah ki raah mein ho.
  3. Ilm ki talash pichle gunaahon ka kaffarah hai.
  4. Tahqeeqat ka shoq adha ilm hai.
  5. Ibadat ki buzurgi se behtar ilm ki buzurgi hai.
  6. Hikmat o danae ko apni gumshuda cheez samjho jahan mil jae le lo.
  7. Jo koi ilm ko chhupata hai use aag ki lagam pehnae jae gi.
  8. Jahan ilm aur hilm ikatthe hon, unse behtar koi do cheezen kaheen aik jagah ikatthi nahi milen gi.

 

  • LAUNDI AUR GHULAM AUR KHADIM SE SALUK:

 

  1. Laundi, ghulam tumhare bhai hain. Allah ne unko tumhare ma tehet banadiya hai. Jiske paas laundi ya ghulam ho , woh use barabar ka khilae, barabar ka pehnae, taqat se bar kkar us se kaam na le, mushkil kaam mein uski madad kare.
  2. Laundi ya ghulam ko azad karna apne aap ko dozakh se chhura lena hai.
  3. Aik ne poochaa: “khidmatgaar ko kahan tak mu’af kiya jae?”. Nabi kareem ﷺ ne farmaaya: “Din mein 70 martaba”.

 

DUA:


Dua bande ko Allah se milati hai, museebat mein dil ko taskeen deti hai, faraghat ko dur rakhti hai, Nabi Kareem ﷺ ne jo duain humko sikhlae hain, unse Islam ki ta’leem bhi ma’lum hojati hai aur siyah dilon ki zang bhi saaf hojati hai. Jo duain likhi jati hain, behtar hai keh unko hifz karlo aur Allah se usi tarah dua kiya karo.

 

  1. Main zameen aur asmaan ke paida karne Waale ki taraf yaksan hokar apna munh karta hoon, mein Us ke barabar ka kisi ko nahi samajhta. Meri badani ibadaten aur maali sadaqeh, mera jeena, mera marna tamam jahan ke Malik, Parwardigar ke liye hai- Beshak mujhe hukm hua hai keh main kisi ko Parwardighar ke barabar ka na samjhun aur apne sar ko Usi ki dargaah par rakhun.
    Ae Allah, Ae Badshahon ke badshah, Palanhaar! Tere siva koi bhi nahi jiski bandagi ki jae. Mein Tera banda hoon, apni jaan par zulm karchuka hoon, ab apne gunaahon ka iqrar karta hoon tou mere gunaahon ko mu’af karde, kyun keh Tere siva gunaahon ko koi bhi mu’af nahi kar sakta.
    Ae Malik! Mujhe achhe subhao aur naik aadaton par chala. Beshak aisi hidayat Tu hi de sakta hai.
    Ae Malik! mujhe buri subhao aur bad khulqi se bacha le. Beshak Tu hi mujhe is se bacha sakta hai, main Tere huzoor mein hazir hoon aur Tera hukm maanne ko tayyar hoon.
    Ae Malik! behtari ki aur naiki ki sab qismen Ter Hatth mein hain aur badi ko Teri tarf lagao nahi.
    Ae Malik! Bari barakatoun aur bulandiyon Waale! Main Tujh se apni bakhshish ka sawal karta hoon.
  2. Ilaahi main Tujhe sajadah karta hoon, Tujh par imaan rakhta hoon, Tere saamne apne sar ko jhukata hoon, mera chehra use sajadah karta hai jisne mujhe paida kiya aur meri surat banae, jisne chehre ke saath sunne wale kaan aur dekhne wali aankhen lagaen. Allah bari barkaton wala hai, paida karne ki taqat Us mein a’laa wa husn hai. Ilaahi mera zahir, mera batin, Tujhe sajadah karta hai aur mera dil Tujh par imaan rakhta hai aur main Teri ne’maton ka iqrar karta hoon.
  3. Ilaahi main Tujh se chahta hoon keh karobaar mein mujhe isteqlal de aur irade mein naiki ata kar. Mujhe toufeeq de keh Teri ne’mat ka shukr karun aur Teri ibadat achhi tarah baja laon. Ilaahi mere dil ko a’ibon se paak karde aur zuban ko sacchai sikhla de.
  4. Ilaahi mere deen ko sanwaar de. Is mein mera poora poora bachao hai. Meri duniya ko sanwaar den. Is mein mera guzran hai.
  5. Ilaahi mujhe rizq de jo paak ho, ilm de jiska nafa ho, aml jise tu qubool kare.
  6. Ilaahi main Tujh se ajizi, kahili, be himmati, bukhli, had darje ki kamzori, aur zaeefi aur azab-e-qabr se panah maangta hoon. Ilaahi mere dil ko parhezgaari de. Ise paak karde. Tu sab se barhkar ise paak banasakta hai aur Tu hi meri jaan ka Wali aur karsaaz hai.
    Ilaahi! Jis ilm mein nafa na ho, jis dil mein Teri buzurgi na ho, jis nafs mein qana’at na ho, jo dua qubool na hoti ho, main un sab se Teri panah chahta hoon.
  7. Ilaahi! Hamare dilon mein ulfat bhar den. Hamari halaton ko durust bana den. Humko salamati ki raah par chala. Humko andhere se nikal kar roshni dikhla den. Ilaahi humko khule aur chhupe fahash se paak karden, aur humko hamare kaan, aankh, dil, biwi, bacchon, mein barakat den. Tu hum par rehmat rakh aur Apni ne’mat ka shukr guzar bana. Hum Teri ne’mat lete rahen aur Teri sana karte rahen aur Tu hum par Apni ne’maton ko poora farmaata rahe.

 

Aameen Ya Rabbul alameen.

 

REFERENCE:
BOOK: “MUHR E NUBUWWAT” Khatem al nabeen.
By: Allamah Qazi Muhammad Suleman Mansoor puri.

 

Fazilatus Shaikh Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah II Seerat un Nabi ﷺ II Part 01
Fazilatus Shaikh Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah II Seerat un Nabi ﷺ II Part 02 II
Fazilatus Shaikh Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah II Seerat un Nabi ﷺ II Part 03
Fazilatus Shaikh Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah II Seerat un Nabi ﷺ II Part 04
Fazilatus Shaikh Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah II Seerat un Nabi ﷺ II Part 05
Fazilatus Shaikh Abdullah Nasir Rahmani Hafizahullah II Seerat un Nabi ﷺ II Part 06

Prophet Muhammad(ﷺ)

 
Description of Muhammad

Muhammad (pbuh) was born in Mecca (Makkah), Arabia, on Monday, 12 Rabi’ Al-Awal (2 August A.D. 570). His mother, Aminah, was the daughter of Wahb Ibn Abdu Manaf of the Zahrah family. His father, ‘Abdullah, was the son of Abdul Muttalib. His genealogy has been traced to the noble house of Ishmael, the son of Prophet Abraham in about the fortieth descend. Muhammad’s father died before his birth.

 Before he was six years old his mother died, and the doubly orphaned Muhammad was put under the charge of his grandfather Abdul Muttalib who took the most tender care of him. But the old chief died two years afterwards. On his deathbed he confided to his son Abu Talib the charge of the little orphan.

Journey to Busra Christian Monk merits Muhammad

When Muhammad was twelve years old, he accompanied his uncle Abu Talib on a mercantile journey to Syria, and they proceeded as far as Busra. The journey lasted for some months. It was at Busra that the Christian monk Bahira met Muhammad. He is related to have said to Abu Talib: ‘Return with this boy and guard him against the hatred of the Jews, for a great career awaits your nephew.”

Muhammad’s honest and honorable character

After this journey, the youth of Muhammad seems to have been passed uneventfully, but all authorities agree in ascribing to him such correctness of manners and purity of morals as were rare among the people of Mecca. The fair character and the honorable bearing of the unobtrusive youth won the approbation of the citizens of Mecca, and by common consent he received the title of “Al Ameen,”

The Faithful. In his early years, Muhammad was not free from the cares of life. He had to watch the flocks of his uncle, who, like the rest of the Bani Hashim, had lost the greater part of his wealth.

Solitary lifestyle of Muhammad’s youth

 From youth to manhood he led an almost solitary life. The lawlessness rife among the Meccans, the sudden outbursts of causeless and bloody quarrels among the tribes frequenting the Fair of Okadh (The Arabian Olympia), and the immorality and skepticism of the Quraish, naturally caused feelings of pity and sorrow in the heart of the sensitive youth. Such scenes of social misery and religious degradation were characteristic of a depraved age.

Muhammad’s marriage to Khadijah

When Muhammad was twenty five years old, he traveled once more to Syria as a factor of a noble and rich Quraishi widow named Khadijah; and, having proved himself faithful in the commercial interests of that lady, he was soon rewarded with her hand in marriage. This marriage proved fortunate and singularly happy. Khadijah was much the senior of her husband, but in spite of the disparity of age between them, the most tender devotion on both sides existed. This marriage gave him the loving heart of a woman who was ever ready to console him in his despair and to keep alive within him the feeble, flickering flame of hope when no man believed in him and the world appeared gloomy in his eyes.

Troubled, lawless times for the Makkans

 Until he reached thirty years of age, Muhammad was almost a stranger to the outside world. Since the death of his grandfather, authority in Mecca was divided among the ten senators who constituted the governing body of the Arabian Commonwealth. There was no such accord among them as to ensure the safety of individual rights and property. Though family relations afforded some degree of protection to citizens, yet strangers were frequently exposed to persecution and oppression. In many cases they were robbed, not only of their goods, but even of their wives and daughters. At the instigation of the faithful Muhammad, an old league called the Federation of Fudul, i.e., favors was revived with the object of repressing lawlessness and defending every weak individual – whether Meccan or stranger, free or slave – against any wrong or oppression to which he might be the victim within the territories of Mecca.

When Muhammad reached thirty-five years, he settled by his judgment a grave dispute, which threatened to plunge the whole of Arabia into a fresh series of her oft-recurring wars. In rebuilding the Sacred House of the Ka’ba in A.D. 605, the question arose as to who should have the honor of raising the black stone, the most holy relic of that House, into its proper place. Each tribe claimed that honor. The senior citizen advised the disputants to accept for their arbitrator the first man to enter from a certain gate. The proposal was agreed upon, and the first man who entered the gate was Muhammad “Al-Ameen.” His advice satisfied all the contending parties. He ordered the stone to be placed on a piece of cloth and each tribe to share the honor of lifting it up by taking hold of a part of the cloth. The stone was thus deposited in its place, and the rebuilding of the House was completed without further interruption.

Muhammad thwarts intention of the Romans to control Makka

It is related that, about this time, a certain Usman, Ibn Huwairith, supported by Byzantine gold, made an attempt to convert the territory of Hijaz into a Roman dependency, but the attempt failed, chiefly through the instrumentality of Muhammad.

Kindness and generousity shown to the people

These are nearly all the public acts related by historians in which Muhammad took part in the first fifteen years of his marriage to Khadijah. As for his private life he is described to have been ever helpful to the needy and the helpless. His uncle Abu Talib had fallen into distress through his endeavors to maintain the old position of his family. Muhammad, being rather rich at this time by his alliance with Khadijah, tried to discharge part of the debt of gratitude and obligation which he owed to his uncle by undertaking the bringing up and education of his son ‘Ali. A year later he adopted ‘Akil, another of his uncle’s sons.

Khadijah bore Muhammad three sons and four daughters. All the males died in childhood, but in loving ‘Ali he found much consolation.

About this time, Muhammad set a good example of kindness, which created a salutary effect upon his people. His wife Khadijah had made him a present of young slave named Zaid Ibn Haritha, who had been brought as a captive to Mecca and sold to Khadijah. When Haritha heard that Muhammad possessed Zaid, he came to Mecca and offered a large sum for his ransom.

Whereupon Muhammd said: “Let Zaid come here, and if he chooses to go with you, take him without ransom; but if it be his choice to stay with me, why should I not keep him? Zaid, being brought into Muhammad’s presence, declared that he would stay with his master, who treated him as if he was his only son. Muhammad no sooner heard this than he took Zaid by the hand and led him to the black stone of Ka’ba, where he publicly adopted him as his son, to which the father acquiesced and returned home well satisfied. Henceforward Zaid was called the son of Muhammad.

Muhammd was now approaching his fortieth year, and his mind was ever-engaged in profound contemplation and reflection. Before him lay his country, bleeding and torn by fratricidal wars and intolerable dissension’s; his people, sunk in barbarism, addicted to the observation of rites and superstitions, were, with all their desert virtues, lawless and cruel. His two visits to Syria had opened to him a scene of unutterable moral and social desolation, rival creeds and sects tearing each other to pieces, carrying their hatred to the valleys and deserts of Hijaz, and rending the townships of Arabia with their quarrels and bitterness.

Allah’s Divine Inspiration touches Muhammad

For years after his marriage, Muhammad had been accustomed to secluding himself in a cave in Mount Hira, a few miles from Mecca. To this cave he used to go for prayer and meditation, sometimes alone and sometime with his family. There, he often spent the whole nights in deep thought and profound communion with the Unseen yet All-Knowing Allah of the Universe. It was during one of those retirements and in the still hours of the night, when no human sympathy was near, that an angel came to him to tell him that he was the Messenger of Allah sent to reclaim a fallen people to the knowledge and service of their Lord.

Renowned compilers of authentic traditions of Islam agree on the following account of the first revelations received by the Prophet.

Muhammad would seclude himself in the cave of Mount Hira and worship three days and nights. He would, whenever he wished, return to his family at Mecca and then go back again, taking wihim the necessities of life. Thus he continued to return to Khadijah from time to time until one day the revelation came down to him and the Angel Gabriel (Jibreel) appeared to him and said:

“Read!”

But as Muhammad was illiterate, having never received any instruction in reading or writing, he said to the angel:

“I am not a reader.”

The angel took a hold of him and squeezed him as much as he could bear, and then said again:

“Read!”

Then Prophet said:

“I am not a reader.”

The Angel again seized the Prophet and squeezed him and said:

“Read! In the Name of Your Lord, Who has created (all that exists), has created a man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous, Who has taught (the writing) by the pen, has taught man that which he knew not.” (Ch 96:1-4 Quran).

Then the Prophet repeated the words with a trembling heart. He returned to Khadijah from Mount Hira and said: “Wrap me up! Wrap me up!” She wrapped him in a garment until his fear was dispelled. He told Khadijah what had occurred and that he was becoming either a soothsayer or one smitten with madness. She replied: “Allah forbid! He will surely not let such a thing happen, for you speak the truth, you are faithful in trust, you bear the afflictions of the people, you spend in good works what you gain in trade, you are hospitable and you assist your fellow men. Have you seen anything terrible?” Muhammad replied: “Yes,” and told her what he had seen.

 Whereupon, Khadijah said: “Rejoice, O dear husband and be cheerful. He is Whose hands stands Khadijah’s life bears witness to the truth of this fact, that you will be the prophet to this people.”

Khadijah consults cousin knowledgeable of Scriptures; confirmation of Prophet

After this experience Khadijah went to her cousin Waraqa Ibn Naufal, who was old and blind and who knew the Scriptures of the Jews and Christians, and is stated to have translated them into Arabic. When she told him of what she had heard, he cried out: “Holy! Holy! Verily, this is the Namus (The Holy Spirit) who came to Moses. He will be the prophet of his people. Tell him this and bid him to be brave at heart.” When the two men met subsequently in the street, the blind old student of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures spoke of his faith and trust: “I swear by Him in Who hand Waraqa’s life is, Allah has chosen you to be the prophet of this people. They will call you a liar, they will persecute you, they will banish you, and they will fight against you. Oh, that I could live to those days. I would fight for these.” And he kissed him on the forehead.

Muhammad’s Visions and struggle to fight depression

The first vision was followed by a considerable period, during which Muhammad suffered much mental depression. Only Almighty Allah knows what Muhammad must have been thinking and feeling at that time. He may have been worried about his visions, uncertain as to how the majority of the Makkans would treat Allah’s blessing, since their own interests were at stake. The Makkans, at that time, relied heavily on trade that revolved around polytheistic and pagan rituals of false idols and statues and other things that they worshipped. One can’t contemplate his future and responsibilities to the people of the world, as well as the challenges that Allah Almighty had chosen him for.

Prophet rises to start his mission for Allah

 The angel spoke to the grieved heart of hope and trust and of the bright future when he would see the people of the earth crowding into the one true faith. His destiny was unfolded to him, when. wrapped in profound meditation, melancholy and sad, he felt himself called by a voice from heaven to arise and preach.

 “O you (Muhammad, enveloped (un garments)! Arise and varn! And your Lord (Allah) magnify!” (Ch 74:1-3 Quran)

He arose and engaged himself in the work to which he was called. Khadijah was the first to accept his mission. She was to believe in the revelations, to abanden the idolatry of her people and to join him in purity of heart and in offering up prayers to Allah the Almighty.

 The Companions

At the beginning of his mission, Muhammad – hereinafter called the Prophet – opened his soul only to those who were attached to him and tried to free them from the gross practices of their forefathers. After Khadijah, his cousin’ Ali was the next companion. The Prophet used often to go into the desert around Mecca with his wife and young cousin that they might together offer their heart felt thanks to the Lord of all nations for His manifold blessings. Once they were surprised by Abu Talib, the father of Ali. He said to the Prophet: “O son of my brother, what is this religion you are following?” “It is the religion of Allah of His Angels, of His Messengers and of our ancestor Abraham,” answered the Prophet. “Allah has sent me to His servants, to direct them towards the truth, and you, O my uncle, are the most worthy of all. It is meet that I should thus call upon you and it is meet that you should accept the truth and help in spreading it.”

Abu Talib replied: “Son of my brother, I cannot abjure the religion of my fathers; but by the Supreme Lord, while I am alive, none shall dare to injure you.” Then turning towards ‘Ali, the venerable chief asked what religion was his. Ali answered: “O father, I believe in Allah and His Prophet and go with him.” Abu Talib replied: “Well my son, he will not call you to anything except what is good, therefore you are free to go with him.”

After ‘Ali, Muhammad’s adopted son Zaid became a convert to the new faith. He was followed by Abu Bakr, a leading member of the Quraish tribe and an honest, wealthy merchant who enjoyed great consideration among his compatriots. He was but two years younger thin the Prophet. His adoption of the new faith was of great moral effect. Soon after, five notables presented themselves before the Prophet and accepted Islam. Several converts also came from lower classes of the Arabs to adopt the new religion.

Proliferation of Islamic Knowledge by our Prophet

 For three weary long years, the Prophet labored very quietly to deliver his people from the worship of idols. Polytheism was deeply rooted among the people. It offered attractions, which the new faith in its purity did not possess. The Quraish had personal material interests in the old worship, and their prestige was dependent upon its maintenance. The Prophet had to contend with the idolatrous worship of its followers and to oppose the ruling oligarchy, which governed its destinies.

After three years of constant but quiet struggle, only thirty followers were secured. An important change now occurred in the relations of the Prophet with the citizens of Mecca. His compatriots had begun to doubt his sanity, thinking him crazy or possessed by an evil spirit. Hitherto he preached quietly and unobtrusively. He now decided to appeal publicly to the Meccans, requesting them to abandon their idolatry. For this he arranged a gathering on a neighboring hill and there spoke to them of their folly in the sight of Allah in worshipping pieces of stone which they called their gods. He invited them to abandon their old impious worship and adopt the faith of love, truth and purity. He warned them of the fate that had overtaken past races who had not heeded the preaching of former prophets. But the gathering departed without listening to the waming given them by the Prophet.

Having thus failed to induce his fellow citizens to listen to him, he turned his attention to the strangers arriving in the city on commerce or pilgrimage. But the Quraish made attempts to frustrate his efforts. They hastened themselves to meet the strangers first on different routes, to warn them against holding any communication with the Prophet, whom they represented as a dangerous magician. When the pilgrims or traders returned to their homes, they carried with them the news of the advent of the bold preacher who was inviting the Arabs loudly – at the risk of his own life – to abandon the worship of their dear idols.

Persecution perpetrated by the Makkan Tribe of Quraish

Now the Prophet and his followers became subject to some persecution and indignity. The hostile Quraish prevented the Prophet from offering his prayers at the Sacred House of the Ka’ba; they pursued him wherever he went, they covered him and his disciples with dirt and filth when engaged in their devotions; they scattered thoms in the places which he frequented for devotion and meditation. Amidst all these trials the Prophet did not waver. He was full of confidence in his mission, even when on several occasions he was put in imminent danger of losing his life.

At this time Hamza, the youngest son of Abdul Muttalib, adopted Islam. Hamza was a man of distinguished bravery, an intrepid warrior, generous and true, whose heroism earned for him the title of the “Lion of Allah.” He became a devoted adherent of Islam and everlost his life in the cause.

The Prophet continued preaching to the Arabs in a most gentle and reasonable manner. He called thepeople, so accustomed to iniquity and wrong doings, to abandon their abominations. In burning words which excited the hearts of his hearers, he warned them of the punishment which Allah had inflicted upon the ancient tribes of ‘Ad and Thamud who had obstinately disobeyed the teachings of Allah’s messengers to them. He adjured them by the wonderful sights of nature, by the noon day brightness, by the night when it spreads its veil, by the day when it appears in glory to listen to his warning before a similar destruction befell them. He spoke to them of the Day of Reckoning, when their deeds in this world will be weighed before the Eternal Judge, when the children who had been buried alive will be asked for what crime they were put to death. Almighty Allah said:

“Nay, they wonder that there has come to them a Warner (Muhammad) from among themselves. So the disbeliveers say: “This is a strange thing! When we are dead and have become dust (shall we be resurrected)? That is a far return.” We know that which the earth takes of them (their dead bodies), and with Us is a Book preserved (ie., the Book of Decrees).

Nay, but, they have denied the truth (this Qur’an) when it has come to them, so they are in a confused state (can not differentiate between right and wrong). Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no rifts in it? And the earth! We have spread it out, and set thereon mountains standing firm, and have produced therein every kind of lovely growth (plants).

An insight and a reminder for every slave turning to Allah (ie., the one who believes in Allah and performs deeds of His obedience, and always begs His pardon). And We send down blessed water (rain) from the sky, then we produce therewith gardens and grain (every kind of harvests that are reaped). And tall date palms, with ranged clusters; a provision for (Allah’s) slaves. And We give life therewith to a dead land. Thus will be the resurrection (of the dead). Denied before them (i.e. these pagans of Makka who denied you, O Muhammad) the people of Noah, and the dwellers of Rass, and the Thamud, and ‘Ad, and Pharaoh, and the brethren of Lot, and the dwellers of the Wood, and the people of Tubba, everyone of them denied their Messengers, so My Threat took effect.” (Ch 50: 2-14 Quran)

Almighty Allah also declared:

“All praises and thanks be to Allah Who Alone created the heavens and the earth, and originated the darkness and the light, yet those who disbelieve hold others as equal with their Lord. He it is Who has created you from clay, and then has decreed a stated term (for you to die). And there is with Him another determined term (for you to be resurrected), yet you doubt (in the Resurrection).

And He is Allah (to be worshipped Alone) in the heavens and on the earth, He knows what you conceal and what you reveal, and He knows what you earn (good or bad). And never an Ayah (sign) comes to them from the Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of their Lord, but that they have been turning away from it.

Indeed, they rejected the truth (The Qur’an and Muhammad) when it came to them, but there will come to them the news of that (the torment) which they used to mock at. Have they not seen how many a generation before them We have destroyed whom We had established on the earth such as We have not established you? And We poured out on them rain from the sky in abundance, and made the rivers flow under them. Yet We destroyed them for their sins, and created after them other generations.” (Ch 6:1-6 Quran)

As the number of believers increased and the cause of the Prophet was strengthened by the conversions of many powerful citizens, the Prophet’s preaching alarmed the Quraish. Their power and prestige were at stake. They were the custodians of the idols, which the Prophet had threatened to destroy; they were the ministers of the worship, which he denounced; in fact their existence and living wholly depended upon the maintenance of the old institutions. The Prophet taught that in the sight of his Lord all human were equal, the only distinction recognized among them being the weight of their piety.

Allah the Exalted said:

“O mankind! We have created you from a mate and a femeie, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is that believer who has At Taqwa fone of the Myttasun, pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden), and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained. Verily Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware.” (Ch 49:13 Quran).

The Quraish would have none of this leveling of distinctions, as it reflected upon their long inherited privileges. Accordingly, they organized a system of persecution in order to suppress the movement before it became firmly established. They decided that each family should take upon itself the task of stamping out the new faith on the spot. Each household tortured its own members or adherents or slaves who were supposed to have connected themselves with the new religion. With the exception of the Prophct, who was protected by Abu Talib and his kinsmen, and Abu Bakr, and a few others who were either distinguished by their rank or possessed some influence among the Quraish, all other converts were subjected to different sorts e f torture. Some of them were thrown into prison, starved, and then flogged. The hill of Ramada and the place called Bata thus became scenes of cruel torture.

Quraish fear spread of Islam – Try in vain to blackmail Prophet

One day the Quraish tried to induce the Prophet to discontinue his teachings of the new religion, which had sawn discord among their people. Utba Ibn Rabia, was delegated to see the Prophet and speak to him. ‘Utba said: “O son of my brother, you are distinguished by your qualities; yet you have sown discord among our people and cast dissension in our families; you denounced cur gods and goddesses and you charge our ancestors with impiety. Now we are come to make a proposition to you, and I ask you to think well before you reject it.” “I am listening to you, O father of Walid, said the Prophet. “O son of my brother, if by this affair you intend to acquire riches, honors, and dignity, we are willing to collect for you a fortune larger than is possessed by any one of us; we shall make you our chief and will do nothing without you. If you desire dominion, we shall make you our king; and if the demon which possesses you cannot be subdued. we will bring you doctors and give them riches until they cure you.” When ‘Utba had finished his discourse, the Prophet said: “Now listen to me, O father of Walk.” “I listen.” He replied. The Prophet, recited to him the first thirteen verses of Surah Fussilat, which maybe interpreted as follows:

“Ha Mim (These letters are one of the miracles of the Quran, and none but Allah Alone knows their meanings). A revelation from Allah the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful. A Book whereof the Verses are explained in detail:-a Quran in Arabic for people who know. Giving glad tidings (of Paradise to the one who believes in the Oneness of Allah, Islamic Monotheism) and fears Allah much (abstains from all kinds of sins and evil deeds) and loves Allah much (performing all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained), and warning (of punishment in the Hellfire to be the one who disbelieves in the Oneness of Allah), but most of them turn away, so they listen not.

And they say: “Our hearts are under coverings (screened) from that to which you invite as, and in our ears is deafness, and between us and you is a screen, so work you for your way); verily we are working (on our way).

Say (O Muhammad): “I am only a human being like you. It is inspired in me that your Ilah (God) is One Ilah (God – Allah), therefore take the Straight Path to Him (with true Faith- Islamic Monotheism) and obedience to Him, and seek forgiveness of Him. And woe to Al-Mushrikeen; (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, and disbeliveers in the Oneness of Allah, etc. those who worship others along with or set up rivals or partners to Allah etc.) Those who give not the Zakat and they are disbeliveers in the Hereafter. Truly, those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah and in His Messenger Muhammad – Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds for them will be an endless reward that will never stop (Paradise).

Say (O Muhammad): “Do you verily disbelieve in Him Who created the earth in two Days and you set ap rivals (in worship) with Him? That is the Lord of the Alamin mankind, jer and ali that exists).

He placed therein (the earth) firm mountains from above it, and He blessed, and measured therein sts sustenance (for its dwellers, in four Days equal tall wese four days were equal in the length of time), for all those who ask about its creation). Then He Istawa (ese over) towards the heaven when it was smoke, and sard to it and to the earth: “Come bath of you willingly or unwillingly.” They both said: “We come, willingly.” Then He completed and finished from their creation as seven heavens in two days and he made in each hea-en with lamps (stars) to be an adornment as well as to guard (from the devils by using them as missiles against the devils). Such is the Decree of Him the All Mighty, The All Knower.

But if they turn away, then say (O Muhammad: “I have warned you of a Saiqa (a destruction awful cry, torment, hit, a thunder bolty like the Sa’sga which overtook Ad and Thamud (people).” (Ch 41:1-13 Quran).

When the Prophet had finished his recitation, he said to “Utba: “This is my reply to your proposition; now take what course you find best.”

Quraish increase Persecution – First Hijra of 615 C.E. to Abyssinia

 Persecution by the Quraish grew fiercer every day and the sufferings of the Prophet’s disciples became unbearable. He had heard of the righteousness, tolerance, and hospitality of the neighboring Christian king of Abyssinia. He recommended such of his companions who were without protection to seek refuge in the kingdom of that pious king, Al Najashi (Negus). Some fifteen of the unprotected adherents of Islam promptly availed themselves of the advice and sailed to Abyssinia. Here they met with a very kind reception from the Negus. This is called the first hijrah (migration) in the history of Islam and occurred in the fifth year of the Prophet Muhammad’s mission, AD. 615. These emigrants were soon followed by many of their fellow sufferers, until the number reached eighty-three men and eighteen women.

The hostile Quraish, furicus at the escape of their victims, sent deputes to the king of Abyssinia to request him to deliver up the refugees, that they might be put to death for adjuring their old religion and embracing a new one. The king summoned the poor fugitives and inquired of them what was the religion, which they had adopted in preference to their old faith. Ja’far, son of Abu Talib and brother of ‘Ali, acted as spokesman fer the exiles. He spoke thus: “O king, we were plunged in the depth of ignorance and barbarism, we adored idols, we lived in unchastity, and we ate dead bodies, and we spoke abomination, we disregarded every feeling of humanity and sense of duty towards our neighbors, and we knew no law but that of the strong, when Allah ra sed among us a man, of whose birth, truthfulness, honesty, and purity we were aware. He called us to profess the Unity of Allah and taught us to associate nothing with Him; he forbade us the worship of idols and enjoined us to speak the truth, to be faithful to our trusts, to be merciful, and to regard the rights of neighbors; he forbade us to speak evil of the worship of Allah and not to return to the worship of idols of woos and stone and to abstain from evil, to effer prayers, to give alms, to observe the fast. We have believed in him, we have accepted his teachings and his injunctions to worship Allah alone and to associate nothing with Him Hence our people have persecuted us, trying to make us forego the worship of Allah and return to the worship of idols of wood and stone and other abominations. They have tortured us and injured us until, finding no safety among them, we have come to your kingdom trusting you will give us protection against their persecution.”

Al-Najashi (Negus), King of Abyssinia protects Muslims

After hearing the above speech, the hospitable king ordered the deputies to return to their people in safety and not to interfere with their fugitives. Thus the emigrants passed the period of exile in peace and comfort.

While the followers of the Prophet sought safety in foreign lands against the persecution of their people, he continued his warnings to the Quraish more strenuously than ever. Again they came to him with offers of riches and honor, which he firmly and utterly refused. But they mocked at him and urged him for miracles to prove his mission. He used to answer: ‘Allah has not sent me to work wonders; He has sent me to preach to you.”

Thus disclaiming all power of wonder working, the Prophet ever rested the truth of his divine mission upon his wise teachings. He addressed himself to the inner consciousness of man, to his common sense and to his own better judgement:

“Say (O Muhammad): “I am only a human being like you. it is inspired in me ther your lah (God) is One Ilah (God- Allah), therefore take the Straight Par to His with true Faith- Islamic Monotheism) and obedience to Him and seek forgweness of His. And woe to Al Mushrikeen; (polytheists, pagans, idolaters, and disbelivers in the Oneness of Alah etc., those who worship others along with Aliah or set up riveis or partners to Alla etc. (Ch 41:6 Quran)

Despite all the exhortation of the Prophet, the Quraish persisted in asking him for a sign. They insisted that unless some sign be sent down to him from his Lord, they would not believe. The disbeliveers used to ask: “Why has Muhammad not been sent with miracles like previous prophets?” The Prophet replied: “Because miracles had proved inadequate to convince. Noah was sent with signs, and with what effect? Where was the ke st tribe of Thamud? They had refused to receive the preaching of the Prophet Salih, unless he showed them a sign and caused the rock to bring forth a living camel. He did what they asked. In scern they cut the camel’s feet and then daring the prophet to full his threats of judgment, were found dead in their beds the next morning, stricken by the angel of the Lord.”

The Holy Quran is a Miracle

There are some seventeen places in the Quran, in which the Prophet Muhammad is challenged to work a sign, and he answered them all to the same or similar effect: Allah has the power of working miracles, and has not been believed; there were greater miracles in nature than ang which could be wrought outside of it; and the Quran itself was a great, everlasting mirack. The Quran, the Prophet used to assert to the disbeliveers, is a book of blessings which is a warning for the whole world; it is a complete guidance and explains everything necessary; it is a reminder of what is imprinted on human nature and is free from every discrepancy and from error and falsehood. It is a book of true guidance and a light to all.

As to the sacred idols, so much honored and esteemed by the pagan Arabs, the Prophet openly recited:

“They are but names which you have ramed-you and your fathers-for which Allah has sent down no authority.” (CH 53:23 Quran)

When the Prophet thus spoke reproachfully of the sacred gods of the Quraish, the latter reddoubled their persecution. But the Prophet, nevertheless, continued his preaching undaunted but the hostility of his enemies or by their bitter persecution of him. And despite all opposition and increased persecution, the new faith gained ground. The national fair at Okadh near Mecca attracted many desert Bedouins and trading citizen of distant towns. These listened to the teachings of the Prophet, to his admonitions, and to his denunciations of their sacred idols and of their superstitions. They carried back all that they had heard to their distant homes, and thus the advent of the Prophet was made know to almost all parts of the peninsula.

Makkans plea to Abu Talib to stop the Prophet

The Meccans, however, were more than ever furious at the Prophet’s increasing preaching against their religion. They asked his uncle Abu Talib to stop him, but he could not do anything. At, as the Prophet persisted in his ardent denunciations against their ungodliness and impiety, they turned him out from the Ka’ba where he used to sit and preach, and subsequently went in a body to Abu Talib. They urged the venerable chief to prevent his nephew from abusing their gods any longer or uttering any ill words against their ancestors. They wamed Abu Talib that if he would not do that, he would be excluded from the communion of his people and driven to side with Muhammad; the matter would then be settled by fight until one of the two parties were exterminated.

Abu Talib neither wished to separate himself from his people, nor forsake his nephew for the idolaters to revenge themselves upon. He spoke to the Prophet very softly and begged him to abandon his affair. To this suggestion the Prophet firmly replied: “O my uncle, if they placed the sun in my right hand and the moon in my left hand to cause me to renounce my task, verily I would not desist therefrom until Allah made manifest His cause or I perished in the attempt.” The Prophet, overcome by the thought that his uncle and protector was willing to desert him, turned to depart. But Abu Talib called him loudly to come back, and he came. “Say whatever you please. for by the Lord I shall not desert you ever.”

Abu Talib protects his Nephew, the Prophet

The Quraish again attempted in vain to cause Abu Talib to abandon his nephew. The venerable chief declared his intention to protect his nephew against any menace or violence. He appealed to the sense of honor of the two families of the Bani Hashim and the Bani Muttalib, both families being kinsmen of the Prophet, to protect their member from falling a victim to the hatred of rival parties. All the members of the two families nobly responded to the appeal of Abu Talib except Abu Lahab, one of the Prophet’s uncles, who took part with the persecutors.

Umar Al-Khattab submits to Islam

During this period, ‘Umar Al-Khattab adopted Islam. In him the new faith gained a valuable adherent and an important factor in the future development and propagation of Islam. Hitherto he had been a violent opposer of the Prophet and a bitter enemy of Islam. His conversion is said to have been worked by the miraculous effect on his mind of a Surah of the Quran which his sister was reading in her house, where he had gone with the intention of killing her for adopting Islam. Thus the party of the Prophet had been strengthened by the conversation by his uncle Hamza, a man of great valor and merit; and of Abu Bakr and ‘Umar, both men of great energy and reputation. The Muslims now ventured to perform their devotions in public.

Quraish divided into two factions

Alarmed at the bold part which the Prophet and his followers were not able to assume, and roused by the return of the deputies from Abyssinia and the announcement of their unsuccessful mission, the Quraish determined to check by a decisive blow any further progress of Islam. Towards this end, in the seventh year of the mission, they made a solemn covenant against the descendants of Hashim and Muttalib, engaging themselves to contract no marriage with any of them and to have no communication with them. Upon this, the Quraish became divided into two factions, and the two families of Hashim and Muttalib all repaired to Abu Talib as their chief.

Abu Lahab’s hatred of Islam

Abu Lahab, the Prophet’s uncle, however, out of his inveterate hatred of his nephew and his doctrine, went over to the opposite party, whose chief was Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb, of the family of Umayya. The persecuted party, Muslims as well as idolaters betook themselves to a defile on the eastern skirts of Mecca. They lived in this defensive position for three years. The provisions, which they had carried with them, were soon exhausted. Probably they would have entirely perished but for the sympathy and occasional help received from less bigoted compatriots.

Reconciliation of the Quraish

Towards the beginning of the tenth year of the mission, reconciliation was concluded between the Quraish and the two families of Hashim and Abdul Muttalib through the intermediation of Hisham, Ibn Umar, and Zobeir, Ibn Abu Umayya. Thus, the alliance against the two families was abolished, and they were able to return to Mecca. During the period the Prophet and his kinspeople passed in their defensive position, Islam made no progress outside; but in the sacred months, when violence was considered sacrilege, the Prophet used to come out of his temporary prison to preach Islam to the pilgrims.

Death of Abu Talib and Khadijah

In the following year, both Abu Talib and Khadijah died. Thus the Prophet lost in Abu Talib the kind guardian of his youth who had hitherto protected him against his enemies, and in Khadijah his most encouraging companion. She was ever his angel of hope and consolation. The Prophet, weighed down by the loss of his amiable protector and his beloved wife, without hope of turning the Quraish from idolatry, with a saddened heart, yet full of trust, resolved to exercise his ministry in some of her field. He chose Taif, a town about sixty miles east of Mecca, where he went accompanied by a faithful servant Zaid.

The tribe of Thakif, who were the inhabitants of Taif, received Muhammad very coldly. However, he stayed there for one month. Though the more considerate and better sort of men treated him with a little respect, the slaves and common people refused to listen to his teachings; they were outrageously indignant at his invitation to abandon the gods they worshipped with such freedom of morals and lightness of heart. At length they rose against him, and bringing him to the wall of the city, obliged him to depart and return to Mecca.

People of Madina accept Prophet

The repulse greatly discouraged his followers; however, the Prophet boldly continued to preach to the public assemblies at the pilgrimage and gained several new converts, among whom were six of the city of Yahtrib (later called Medina), of the Jewish tribe of Khazraj. When these Yathribites returned home, they spread the news among their people that a prophet had arisen among the Arabs who was to call them to Allah and put an end to their inquiries.

Miraj (Ascension to the Heavens) on a creature called Buraq

 In the twelfth year of his mission, the Prophet made his night journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, and thence to heaven. His journey, known in history as Miraj (Ascension) was a real bodily one and not only a vision. It was at this time that Allah ordered the Muslims to pray the five daily prayers.

Almighty Allah had said:

“Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) (above all that evil they associate with Him). Who took His slave Muhammad for a journey by night from AL Masjid al Haram (at Makka) to the farthest mosque (in Jerusalem), the neighborhood whereof We have blessed, order that We might show him (Muhammad) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.). Verily, He is the All Hearer, the All Seer.” (Ch 17:1 Quran)

Abbas Ibn Malik reported that Malik Ibn Sasaa said that Allah’s Messenger described to them his Night Journey saying: “While I was lying in Al-Hatim or Al-Hijr, suddenly someone came to me and cut my body open from here to here.” I asked Al-Jarud, who was by my side, “What does he mean?” He said: “It means from his throat to his public area,” or said. “From the top of the chest.” The Prophet further said, “He then took out my heart. Then a gold tray of Belief was brought to me and my heart was washed and was filled (with Belief) and then returned to its original place. Then a white animal which was smaller than a mule and bigger than a donkey was brought to me.” (On this Al-Jarud asked: “Was it in the Buraq, O Abu Hamza?” I (Anas) replied in the affirmative. The Prophet said: “The animal’s step (was so wide that it) reached the farthest point within the reach of the animals’ sight. I was carried on it.

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with Adam (Hadith)

Gabriel set out with me till we reached the nearest heaven. “When he asked for the gate to be opened, it was asked, ‘Who is it? Gabriel answered, ‘Gabriel.’ It was asked, ‘Who is accompany you? Gabriel replied, ‘Muhammad.’ It was asked, ‘Has Muhammad been called?’ Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said. ‘He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!! The gate was opened, and when I went over the first heaven, I saw Adam there. Gabriel said to me: ‘This is your father, Adam; pay him your greetings.’ So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: ‘You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.’

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with John and Jesus (Hadith)

Then Gabriel ascended with me till we reached the second heaven. Gabriel asked for the gate to be opened. It was asked: Who is it? Gabriel answered: ‘Gabriel’ It was asked: ‘Who is accompany you? Gabriel replied, ‘Muhammad.’ It was asked: ‘Has he been called?” Gabriel answered in the affirmative. Then it was said: ‘He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!’ The gate was opened. “When I went over the second heaven, here I saw John (Yahya) and Jesus (Isa), who were cousins of each other, Gabriel said to me: “These are John and Jesus; pay them your greetings.’ So I greeted them and both of them returned my greetings to me and said, ‘You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.”

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with Joseph (Hadith)

Then Gabriel ascended with me to the third heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. IT was asked ‘Who is it? And Gabriel replied: ‘Gabriel.’ It was asked, ‘Who is accompany you? Gabriel replied, ‘Muhammad.’ It was asked, ‘Has he been called” Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said: ‘He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is!’ The gate was opened, and when I went over the third heaven there I saw Joseph (Yusuf), Gabriel said to me: ‘This is Joseph, pay him your greetings. So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: ‘You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with Enoch (Hadith)
 

Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fourth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked ‘Who is it? Gabriel replied, ‘Gabriel’ It was asked: ‘Who is accompany you?” Gabriel replied: Muhammad.’ It was asked: ‘Has he been called? Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said: ‘He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is! “The gate was opened, and when I went over the fourth heaven, there I saw Enoch (Idris), Gabriel said to me: This is Enoch, pay him your greetings.’ So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: “You are welcomed O pious brother and pious Prophet.

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with Aaron (Hadith)

Then Gabriel ascended with me to the fifth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked: ‘Who is it? Gabriel replied: Gabriel.’ It was asked: ‘Who is accompany you?’ Gabriel replied ‘Muhammad.’ It was asked: ‘Has he been called? Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it was said: ‘He is welcomed, what an excellent visit his is!’ So when I went over the fifth heaven, there I saw Aaron (Harun), Gabriel said to me: “This is Aaron: pay hyour greetings.’ So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: “You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.”

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with Moses (Hadith)

 Then Gabriel ascended with me to the sixth heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked: ‘Who is it?” Gabriel replied: Gabriel.’ It was asked: ‘Who is accompanying you?’ Gabriel replied: ‘Muhammad.’ It was said: ‘Has he been called? Gabriel replied in the affirmative. It was said: ‘He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is!” “When I went over the sixth heaven, there I saw Moses (Musa). Gabriel said to me: “This is Moses; pay him your greeting. So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: “You are welcomed, O pious brother and pious Prophet.” When I left him (Moses) he wept. Someone asked him: ‘What makes you weep?” Moses said: ‘I weep because after me there has been sent (as Prophet) a young man whose followers will enter Paradise in greater numbers than my followers.”

Miraj – Muhammad’s encounter with Abraham (Hadith)

Then Gabriel ascended with me to the seventh heaven and asked for its gate to be opened. It was asked. ‘Who is it? Gabriel replied: Gabriel.’ It was asked: ‘Who is accompanying you? Gabriel replied: ‘Muhammad.’ It was asked: ‘Has he been called” Gabriel replied in the affirmative. Then it said: ‘He is welcomed. What an excellent visit his is! “So when I went (over the seventh heaven), there I saw Abraham (Ibrahim). Gabriel said to me. This is your father; pay your greetings to him.’ So I greeted him and he returned the greetings to me and said: ‘You are welcomed, O pious son and pious Prophet.!

Then I was made to ascend to Sidrat-ul-Muntaha (the Iote Tree of the utmost boundary) Behold! Its fruits were like the jars of Hajr (a place near Modina) and its leaves were as big as the ears of elephants. Gabriel said: “This is the Lote Tree of the utmost and boundary.’ Behold! There ran four rivers, two were hidden and two were visible, I asked: “What are these two kinds of rivers, O Gabriel?’ He replied: ‘As for the hidden rivers, they are two rivers in Paradise and the visible rivers are the Nike and the Euphrates.’

Moses advises Muhammad to plea to Allah to lessen prayers

“Then Al-Bait-ul-Ma’mur (the Sacred House) was shown to me and a container full of wine and another full of milk and a third full of honey were brought to me. I took the milk. Gabriel remarked: “This is the Islamic religion which you and your followers are following. Then the prayers were enjoined on me: they were fifty prayers a day. When I returned, I passed by Moses, who asked me; ‘What have you been ordered to do” I replied: “I have been ordered to offer fifty prayers a day.’ Moses said: ‘Your followers cannot bear fifty prayers a day, and by Allah I have tested people before you, and I have tried my level best with Bani Israel n vain. Go back to your Lord and ask for reduction to lessen your followers” burden.’ So I went back, and Allah reduced ten prayers for me. Then again I came to Moses, but he repeated the same as he had said before. Then again I went back to Allah, and He reduced ten more prayers. When I came to Moses he said the same. I went back to Allah, and He ordered m to observe ten prayers a day. When I came back to Moses, he repeated the same advice, so I went back to Allah and was ordered to observe five prayers a day.

“When I came back to Moses, he said: “What have you been ordered? I replied: ‘I have been ordered to observe five prayers a day.’ He said. “Your followers cannot bear fear prayers a day. and no doubt, I have got an experience of the people before you, and I have tried my level best with Bani Israel, so go back to your Lord and ask for reduction to lesson your followers’ burden.” I said: ‘I have requested so much of my Lord that I feel ashamed, but I am satisfied now and surrender to Allah’s Order’ When I left, I heard a voice saying: ‘I have passed My order and have lessened the burden of My worshippers.”

Women’s Oath – People of Yathrib (Madina) submit to Islam

In this year, twelve men of Yathrib, of whom ten were of the Jewish tribe of Khazraj and the other two of Aws, came to Meccan and took an oath of fidelity to the Prophet at Al-Aqaba, a hill on the north of that city. This oath was called the Women’s’ Oath, not that any women were present at this time, but because a man was not thereby obliged to take up arms in defense of the Prophet or his religion, it being the same oath that was afterwards exacted of the women. This oath was as follows: “We will not associate anything with Allah; we will not steal nor commit adultery or fornication, nor kill our children (as the pagan Arabs used to do when they apprehended that they would not be able to maintain them), nor forge calumnies, we will obey the Prophet in everything that is reasonable, and we will be faithful to him in well and sorrow.” When they had solemnly engaged to do all this, the Prophet sent one of his disciples, Mus’ab Ibn Umair, home with them to teach them the fundamental doctrines and ceremonies of the religion. Mus’ab, having arrived at Yathrib by the assistance of those who had been formerly converted, gained several new converts, particularly Usaid Ibn Khudair, a chief of man of the city, and Sa’d Ibn Mu’adh, prince of the tribe of Aws. Islam spread so fast that there was a scarce a house that did not have some Muslims in it.

The next year, being the thirteenth of the mission (AI). 622) Musah returned from Yathrib companied by seventy-three men and two women of that city who lead adopted Islam, besides others who were as yet unbelievers. On their arrival, these Yathribites immediately sent to the Prophet and invited him to their city. The Prophet was not in great need of such assistance, for his opponents had by this time grown so powerful in Mecca that he could not stay there much longer without imminent danger. He therefore accepted their proposal and met them one night by appointment at Al Aphis attended by his uncle Al-Abbas, who, though he as not then a convert, wished his nephew well.

Al Abbas made a speech to those of Yathrib wherein he told them that, as the Prophet Muhammad was obliged to quit his native city and seek shelter elsewhere, and they had offered him their protection, they would do well not to deceive him; and that if they were not firmly resolved to defend and not to betray him, they had better declare their minds and let him provide for his safety in some other manner. Upon their professing their sincerity, the Prophet swore to be faithful to them, on condition that they should worship none but Allah observe the precepts of Islam, obey the Prophet in all that was right, and protect him against all insults as heartily as they would their wives and families. They then asked him what would be their return, if they should happen to be killed in the cause of Allah; he answered: “Paradise,” whereupon they pledged their faith to him and his cause.

The Hijra – People of Yathrib (Madina) welcome Muslims

 The Prophet then selected twelve men out of their number to act as his delegates. Thus was concluded the second covenant of Al Aqaba. The Yathribites returned home leaving the Prophet to arrange for the journey to their city. The Prophet directed his followers to seek immediate safety at Yathrib, which they accordingly did. About one hundred families silently disappeared from Mecca and proceeded to Yathrib, where they were received with enthusiasm and much hospitality. Finally, all the disciples had gone to Yathrib. The Prophet alone remained at Mecca, keeping with him only his young cousin, ‘Ali, and his devoted friend Abu Bakr.

The Makkans plot to kill Allah’s Prophet

 The Meccans, fearing the consequence of this new alliance, began to think seriously of preventing Muhammad from escaping to Yathrib. They met in all haste. After several mikler expedients had been rejected, they decided that he should be killed. They agreed that one man should be chosen out of every tribe and that each man should strike a blow at him with his sword so that responsibility of the guilt would rest equally on all tribes. The Bani Hashim, Muhammad’s own tribe, were much inferior and therefore would not be able to revenge their kinsman’s death. A number of noble youths were selected for the bloody deed. As the night advanced, the assassins posted themselves round the Prophet’s dwelling. They watched all night long, waiting to murder Muhammad when he should leave his house at the early dawn. By some the Prophet had warned of the danger, and he directed ‘Ali to lie down in his place and wrap himself up in his green clock, which he did. The Prophet miraculously escaped through the window and he repaired to the house of Abu Bakr, unperceived by door. These, in the meantime, looking through a crevice and seeing ‘Ali, whom they mistook for Muhammad himself, asleep, continued watching there until morning. When ‘Ali arose, they found themselves deceived. The fury of the Quraish was now unbounded. The news that the would be assassins had returned unsuccessful and that Muhammad had escaped aroused their whole energy. A price of a hundred camels was set upon Muhammad’s head.

A narration Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (Prophet’s Wife)

Narrated ‘Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (the wife of the Prophet): “I never remembered my parents believing in any religion other than the true religion (Islam), and (I don’t remember) a single day passing without our being visited by Allah’s Messenger in the morning and in the evening. When the Muslims were put to test (troubled by the pagans), Abu Bakr set out migrating to the land of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), and when he reached Bark-al-Ghimad, Ibn Ad-Daghina, the chief of the tribe of Qara, met him and said, ‘O Abu Bakr! Where are you going?” Abu Bakr replied: “My people have turned me out (of my country), so I want to wander on the earth and worship my Lord.’ Ibn Ad-Dhagina said: O Abu Bakr! A man like you should not leave his homeland, nor should he be driven out, because you help the destitute, earn their living, and you keep good relations with your kith and kin, help the weak and the poor, entertain guests generously, and help the calamity-stricken persons. Therefore, I am your protector. Go back and worship your Lord in your town.’

“So Abu Bakr returned and Ibn Ad-Daghina accompanied him. In the evening Ibn Ad-Dhagina visited the nobles of Quraish and said to them. ‘A man like Abu Bakr should not leave his homeland, nor should he be driven out. Do you (Quraish) drive out a man who helps the destitute, earns their living, keeps good relations with his kith and kin, helps the weak and poor, entertain guests generously and helps the calamity-stricken persons? So the people of Quraish could not refuse Ibn Ad-Dhagina’s protection, and they said to Ibn Ad-Daghina: ‘Let Abu Bakr worship his Lord in his house. He can pray and recite there whatever he likes, but he should not hurt us with it, and should not do it publicly, because we are afraid that he may affect our women and children.” Ibn Ad-Dhagina told Abu Bakr all of that. Abu Bakr stayed in that state, worshipping his Lord in his house. He did not pray publicly, nor did he recite Quran outside his house.

Abu Bakr builds Mosque

 “Then a thought occurred to Abu Bakr to build a mosque in front of his house, and there he used to pray and recite the Quran. The women and children of the pagans began to gather around him in great number. They used to wonder at him and look at him. Abu Bakr was a man who used to weep too much, and he could not help weeping or reciting the Quran. That situation scared the nobles of the pagans of Quraish, so they sent for Ibn Ad-Daghina. When he came to them, they said: ‘We accepted your protection of Abu Bakr on condition that he should worship his Lord in his house, but he has violated the conditions and he has built a mosque in front of his house where he prays and recites the Quran publicly. We are not afraid that he may affect our women and children unfavorably. So, prevent him from that. If he likes to confine the worship of his Lord to his house, he may do so, but if he insists on doing that openly, ask him to release you from your obligation to protect him, for we dislike to break our pact with you, but we deny Abu Bakr the right to announce his act publicly.’ Ibn Ad-Dhagina went to Abu Bakr and said: ‘O Abu Bakr! You know well what contract I have made on your behalf, now, you are either to abide by it, or else release me from my obligation of protecting you, because I do not want the Arabs hear that my people have dishonored a contract I have made on behalf of another man.’ Abu Bakr replied: ‘I release you from your pact to protect me and am pleased with the protection from Allah.

Aisha’s narration’s continues: “At that time the Prophet was in Mecca, and he said to the Muslims: In a dream I have been shown your migration place, a land of date palm trees, between two mountains, the two stony tracts. So, some people migrated to Medina, and most of those people who had previously migrated to the land of Ethiopia, returned to Medina. Abu Bakr also prepared to leave for Medina, but Allah’s Messenger said to him: ‘Wait for awhile, because I hope that I will be allowed to migrate also. Abu Bakr replied: Do you indeed expect this? Let my father be sacrificed for you!’ The Prophet said: ‘Yes.’ So Abu Bakr did not migrate for the sake of Allah’s Messenger in order to accompany him. He fed two she camels he possessed with the leaves of As-Samur tree that fell on being struck by a stick for four months.

“One day, while we were sitting in Abu Bakr’s house at noon, someone said to Abu Bakr: “This is Allah’s Messenger with his head covered coming at a time at which he never used to visit us before.’ Abu Bakr said: ‘May my parents be sacrificed for him. By Allah he has not come at this hour except for a great necessity.’ So Allah’s Messenger came and asked permission to enter, and he was allowed to enter. When he entered, he said to Abu Bakr: “Tell everyone who is present with you to go away.’ Abu Bakr replied: “There are none but your family, May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah’s Messenger! The Prophet said: ‘I have been given permission to migrate.’ Abu Bakr said: ‘Shall I accompany you? May my father be sacrificed for you, O Allah’s Messenger!’ Allah’s Messenger said: ‘Yes.’ Abu Bakr said, ‘O Allah’s Messenger! May my father be sacrificed for you, take one of these two she-camels of mine.’ Allah’s Messenger replied: ‘I will accept it with payment.’ So we prepared the baggage quickly and put some journey food in a leather bag for them. Asma, Abu Bakr’s daughter, cut a piece from her waist belt and tied the mouth of the leather bag with it, and for that reason she was named ‘Dhat-un-Nitaqain’ (the owner of two belts).

“Then Allah’s Messenger and Abu Bakr reached a cave on the mountain of Thaur and stayed there for three nights. Abdullah Ibn Abi Bakr who was an intelligent and sagacious youth, used to stay with them overnight. He used to leave them before daybreak so that in the morning he would be with Quraish as if he had spent the night in Mecca. He would keep in mind any plot made against them and when it became dark he would go and inform them of it. ‘Amir Ibn Fuhaira, the freed slave of Abu Bakr, used to bring the milch sheep (of his master, Abu Bakr) to them a little while after nightfall in order to rest the sheep there. So they always had fresh milk at night, the milk of their sheep, and the milk which they warmed by throwing heated stones in it. ‘Amir Ibn Fuhaira would then call the herd away when it was still dark (before daybreak). He did the same in each of those three nights. Allah’s Messenger and Abu Bakr had hired a man from the tribe of Bani Ad-Dail from the family of Bani Abd Ibn Adi as an expert guide, and he was in alliance with the family of Al-As Ibn Wail As-Sahmi and he was in the religion of the infidels of Quraish. The Prophet and Abu Bakr trusted him and gave him their two she-camels and took his promise to bring their two she-camels to the cave of the mountain of Thaur in the morning after three nights later. And when they set out, Amir Ibn Futhaira and the guide went along with them and the guide led them, along the seashore.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari).

The nephew of Suraqa Ibn Ju’sham said that his father informed him that he heard Suraqa Ibn Jusham saying: “The messengers of the pagans of Quraish came to us declaring that they had assigned for the persons who would kill or arrest Allah’s Messenger and Abu Bakr, a reward equal to their bloodmoney. While I was sitting in one of the gatherings of my tribe, Bani Mudlij, a man from them came to us and stood up while we were sitting and said: ‘O Suraqa! No, I have just seen some people far away on the seashore, and I think they are Muhammad and his companions. I, too, realized that it must have been they. But I said: ‘No, it is not they, but you have seen so-and-so and so-and-so, whom we saw set out.’ I stayed in the gathering for a while and then got up and left for my home, and ordered my slave-girl to get my horse, which was behind a hillock, and keep it ready for me.

“Then I took my spear and left by the back door of my house dragging the lower end of the spear on the ground and keeping it low. Then I reached my horse, mounted it and made it gallop. When I approached them (Muhammad and Abu Bakr), my horse stumbled and I fell down from it. Then I stood up, gold hold of my quiver and took out the divining arrows and drew lots as to whether I should harm them or not, and the lot which I disliked came out. But I remounted my horse and let it gallop, giving no importance to the divining arrows. When I heard the recitation of the Qur’an by Allah’s Messenger who did not look hither and thither while Abu Bakr was doing it often, suddenly the forelegs of my horse sank into the ground up to the knees, and I fell down from it. Then I rebuked it, and it got up but could hardly take out its forelegs from the ground, and when it stood up straight again, its forelegs caused dust to rise up in the sky like smoke. Then again I drew lots with the divining arrows, and the lot which I disliked came out. So I called upon them to feel secure. They stopped, and I remounted my horse and went to them. When I saw how I had been hampered from harming them, it came to my mind that the cause of Allah’s Messenger (Islam) would become victorious. So I said to them: ‘Your people have assigned a reward equal to bloodmoney for your head.’ Then I told them all the plans the people of Mecca had made concerning them. Then I offered them some journey food and goods, but they refused to take anything and did not ask for anything, but the Prophet said: ‘Do not tell others about us.’ Then I requested him to write for me a statement of security and peace. He ordered ‘Amir Ibn Fuhaira, who wrote it for me on a parchment, and then Allah’s Messenger proceeded on his way.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Holy Prophet travels to Madina (Hijra)

“Narrated ‘Urwa Ibn Az-Zubair: “Allah’s Messenger met Az Zubair in a caravan of Muslim merchants who were returning from Sham. Az-Zubair provided Allah’s Messenger and Abu Bakr with white clothes to wear. When the Muslims of Medina heard the new of the departure of Allah’s Messenger from Mecca (towards Medina), they started going to the Harra every morning.. They would wait for him till the heat of the noon forced them to return. One day, after waiting for a long while, they returned home, and when they went into their houses, a Jew climbed up to the roof of one of the forts of his people to look for something, and he saw Allah’s Messenger and his companions, dressed in white clothes, emerging out of the desert mirage.

“The Jew could not help shouting at the top of his voice: ‘O you Arabs! Here is your great man whom you have been waiting for! So all the Muslims rushed to their arms and received Allah’s Messenger on the summit of Harra. The Prophet turned with them to the right and alighted at the quarters of Bani Amr Ibn Auf, and this was on Monday in the month of Rabi ul Awal. Abu Bakr stood up, receiving the people, while Allah’s Messenger sat down and kept silent. Some of the Ansar who came and had not seen Allah’s Messenger before began greeting Abu Bakr, but when the sunshine fell on Allah’s Messenger and Abu Bakr came forward and shaded him with his sheet, only then the people came to know Allah’s Messenger. Allah’s Messenger stayed with Bani Amr Ibn Auf for ten nights and established the mosque (Mosque of Quba) which was founded on piety. Allah’s Messenger prayed in it and then mounted his she-camel and proceeded on, accompanied by the people till his she-camel knelt down at the place of the Mosque of Allah’s Messenger at Medina. Some Muslims used to pray there in those days, and that place was a yard for drying dates belonging to Suhail and Sahl, the orphan boys who were under the guardianship of Asad In Zurara. When his she-camel knelt down, Allah’s Messenger said: This place, Allah willing, will be our abiding place.’ Allah’s Messenger then called the two boys and told them to suggest a price for that yard so that he might take it as a mosque. The two boys said: ‘No, but we will give it as a gift, O Allah’s Messenger! Allah’s Messenger then built a mosque there. The Prophet himself started carrying unburned bricks for its building and while doing so, he was saying: “This load is better than the load of Khaibar, for it is more pious in the Sight of Allah and purer and better rewardable.’ He was also saying: ‘O Allah! The actual reward is the reward in the Hereafter, so bestow Your Mercy on the Ansar and the Emigrants. Thus the Prophet recited (by way of proverb) the poem of some Muslim poet whose name is unknown to me.” (Ibn Shibab said, ‘In the hadiths, it does not occur that Allah’s Messenger recited a complete poetic verse other than this one.’) (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Hijra – Islamic Calendar marks this date

Thus was accomplished the hijrah, or the flight of Muhammad as called in European annals, from which the Islamic calendar dates.

 Yathrib renamed Al-Madina, Al-Munawara – “The Illuminated City”

When the Prophet Muhammad and his companions settled at Yathrib, this city changed its name, and henceforth was called, Al-Medina, Al-Munawara, the Illuminated City, or more shortly, Medina, the City. It is situated about eleven-day’s journey to the north of Mecca. At that time it was ruled by two Kahtanite tribes, Aws and Khazraj. These two tribes, however, were constantly quarreling among themselves. It was only about that time when the Prophet announced his mission at Mecca that these tribes, after long years of continuous warfare, entered on a period of comparative peace. When the Prophet settled at Medina, the tribes of Aws and Khazraj forgot entirely their old feuds and were united together in the bond of Islam. Their old divisions were soon effaced and the Ansar”, the Helpers of the Prophet, became the common designation of all Medinites who had helped the Prophet in his cause. Those who emigrated with him from Mecca received the title of “Muhajereen” or the Emigrants. The Prophet, in order to unite both classes in closer bonds, established between them a brotherhood, which linked them together as children of the same parents, with the Prophet as their guardian.

 Allah’s Apostle Settles in Madina

 The first step the Prophet took, after his settlement at Medina, was to built a mosque for the worship of Allah according to principles of Islam. Also, houses for the accommodation of the emigrants were soon erected.

Muhammad’s Charter – Jews and Muslims unite to defend against enemies

Medina and its suburb were at this time inhabited by three distinct parties, the Emigrants, the Helpers, and the Jews. In order to weld them together into an orderly federation, the Prophet granted a charter to the people, clearly defining their rights and obligations. This charter represented the framework of the first commonwealth organized by the Prophet. It started thus: ‘In the name of he Most Merciful and Compassionate Lord, this charter is given by Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah to all believers, whether of Quraish or Medina, and all individuals of whatever origin who have made common cause with them, who shall all constitute one nation.” The following are some extracts from the charter: The state of peace and war shall be common to all Muslims; no one among them shall have the right of concluding peace with, or declaring war against, the enemies of his co-religionists. The Jews who attach themselves to our commonwealth shall be protected from all insults and vexations; they shall have an equal right with our people to our assistance and good offices. The Jews of the various branches and all others doiciled in Medina shall form with the Muslims one composite nation; they shall practice their religion as freely as the Muslims. The allies of the Jews shall enjoy the same security and freedom. The guilty shall be pursued and punished. The Jews shall join the Muslims in defending Medina all enemies. The interior of Medina shall be a sacred place for all who accept this charter. All true Muslims shall hold in abhorrence every man guilty of crime, injustice or disorder; no one shall uphold the culpable, though he be his nearest kin.

After dealing with the interior management of the State, the charter concluded as follows: “All future disputes arising among those who accept this charter shall be referred, under Allah to the Prophet.”

Thus this charter put an end to the state of anarchy that prevailed among the Arabs. It constituted the Prophet Muhammad as chief magistrate of the nation.

Charter faces Mutiny (Inside enemies) – The Hypocrites and unsatisfied Jews

The party of the Ansars, or Helpers, included some lukewarm converts who retained an ill-concealed predilection for idolatry. These were headed by Abdullah Ibn Ubai, a man with some claims to distinction. They ostensibly joined Islam, but in secret were disaffected. They often were a source of considerable danger to the newborn commonwealth and required unceasing watchfulness on the part of the Prophet. Towards them he always showed the greatest patience and forbearance, hoping in the end to win them over to the faith, which expectations were fully justified by the result. While the death of Abdullah Ibn Ubai, his party which were known as the party of the “Munafiqeen” (the Hypocrites) disappeared.

The Jews who constituted the third party of the Medinites were, however, the most serious element of danger. No kindness or generous treatment on the part of the Prophet would seem to satisfy them. They soon broke off and ranged themselves with the enemies of the new faith. They did not hesitate to declare openly that they preferred idolatry, with its attendant evils, to the faith of Islam. Thus, the Prophet had to keep an eye on his enemies outside Medina, on the one hand, and those within the city on the other. The Meccans who had sworn Muhammad’s death were well acquainted, thanks to the party of the Hypocrites and of the Jews at Medina, with the real forces of the Muslims. They also knew that the Jews had accepted Muhammad’s alliance only from motives of temporary expedience and that they would break away from him to join the idolaters as soon as the latter showed themselves in the vicinity of Medina. The safety of the state required the proscription of the traitors who were secretly giving information to the common enemy. About six men were executed for high treason of this nature.

Madina under Sabotage style attacks on Food, Cattle etc…

Towards the second year of the hijrah, the idolaters of Mecca began a series of hostile acts against the Muslims of Medina. They sent men in parties to commit depredations on the fruit trees of the Muslims of Medina and to carry away their flocks. Now came the moment of severest trial to Islam. It became the duty of the Prophet to take serious measures to guard against any plot rising from within or a sudden attack from without.

Battle of Badr – Makkan Troop formations approaching Madina

Allah’s Prophet put Medina in a state of military discipline. He had to send frequent reconnoitering parties to guard against any sudden onslaught. No sooner did the Prophet organize hi state than a large well-equipped army of the Meccans was afield. A force constituting of one thousand men marched under Abu Jahl, a great enemy of Islam, towards Medina to attack the city. The Muslims received timely notice of their enemies’ intention. A body of three hundred adherents, of whom two thirds were citizens of Medina, was gathered to forestall the idolaters by occupying the valley of Badr, situated near the sea between Mecca and Medina. When the Prophet saw the army of the infidels approaching the valley, he prayed that the little band of Muslims might not be destroyed.

Victory – Battle Badr is Won

 The army of the Meccans advanced into the open space which separated the Muslims from the idolaters. According to Arab usage, the battle was began by simple combats. The engagement that became general. The result of the battle was that the Meccans were driven back with great loss. Several of their chiefs were slain, including Abu Jahl.

Allah’s Apostle set rules for treatment of POWS

A large number of idolaters remained prisoners in the hands of the Muslims. They were, contrary to all usage and traditions of the Arabs, treated with the greatest humanity.

The Prophet gave strict orders that sympathy should be shown to them in their misfortune and that they should be treated with kindness. These instructions were faithfully obeyed by the Muslims to whose care the prisoners were confided. Dealing with this event, Sir William Muir, in his book Life of Muhammad, quotes one of the prisoners saying: “Blessing be on the men of Medina; they made us ride, while they themselves walked; they gave us wheaten bread to eat, when there was little of it, contenting themselves with dates.”

Almighty Allah said:

“And Allah has already made you victorious at Badr, when you were a weak little force. So fear Allah much (abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden and love Allah much, perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained) that you may be grateful.

(Remember) when you (Muhammad) said to the believers, “is it not enough for you that your Lord (Allah) should help you with three thousand angels: sent down? Yes, if you hold on to patience and piety, and the enemy comes rushing at you, your Lord will help you with five thousand angels having marks of distinction. Allah made it not but as a message of good news for you and as an assurance to your hearts. And there is no victory except from Allah the All Mighty, the All Wise, That He might cut off a part of those who disbelieve, or expose them to infamy, so that they retire frustrated.” (Ch 3:123-127 Quran).

The remarkable circumstances, which led to the victory of Badr, and results, which followed from it, made a deep impression on the minds of the Muslims; the angels of the heaven had battled on their side against their enemies. The division of the spoils created some dissension between the Muslim warriors. For the moment, the Prophet divided it equally among all Subsequently, a Qur’an revelation laid down a rule for future division of the spoils. According to this rule, a fifth was reserved for the public treasury for the support of the poor and indigent, while the distribution of the remaining four fifths was left to the discretion of the Chief of the State.

Makkan Avenge Loss in Badr – Battle of Uhud

The next battle between the Quraish and the Muslims was the battle of Uhud, a hill about four miles to the north of Medina. The idolaters, to revenge their loss at Badr, made tremendous preparations for a new attack upon the Muslims. They collected an army of three thousand strong men, of whom seven hundred were armed with coats of mail, and two hundred horses. These forces advanced under the conduct of Abu Sufyan and encamped at a village six miles from Medina, where they gave themselves up to spoiling the fields and flocks of the Medinites. The Prophet, being much inferior to his enemies in number, at first determined to keep himself within the town and to receive them there; but afterwards, the advice of some of his companions prevailing he marched out against them at the head of one thousand men, of whom one hundred were armed with coats of mail; but he had no more than one horse, besides his own, in his whole army. With these forces he halted at Mount Uhud. He was soon abandoned by Abdullah Ibn Ubai, the leader of the Hypocrites, with three hundred of his followers. Thus, the small force of the Prophet was reduced to seven hundred.

At Mount Uhud the Muslim troops passed the night, and in the morning, after offering their prayers, they advanced into the plain. The Prophet contrived to have the hill at his back, and, the better to secure his men from being surrounded, he placed fifty archers on the height in the rear, behind the troops, and gave them strict orders not to leave their posts whatever might happen. When they came to engage, the Prophet had superiority at first. But afterward, his archers left their position for the sake of plunder, thus allowing the enemy to attack the Muslims in the fear and surround them. The Prophet lost the day and very nearly lost his life. He was struck down by a shower of stones and wounded in the face by two arrows, and one of his front teeth was broken. Of the Muslims, seventy men were killed, among whom was the Prophet’s uncle Hamza. Of the infidels, twenty-two men were lost.

Exhausted Quraish leave Madina victorious

The Quraish were too exhausted to follow up their advantage, either by attacking Medina or by driving the Muslims from the heights of Uhud. They retreated from the Medinite territories after barbarously mutilating the corpses of their dead enemies.

 Almighty Allah said:

“So do not become weak (against your enemy), nor be sad, and you will be superior fin victory) if you are indeed (true) believers. If a wound (and killing) has touched you, be sure a similar wound (and killing) has touched the others. And so are the days (good and not so good), We give to men by turns, that Allah may test those who believe, and that He may take martyrs from among you. And Allah likes not the Zalimeen (polytheists and wrongdoers).

And that Allah may test (or purify) the believers (from sins) and destroy the disbeliveers. Do you think that you will enter Paradise before Allah tests those of you who fought (in His Cause) and (also) tests those who are patient? You did indeed wish for death (Ash-shahadah- martyrdom) before you met it. Now you have seen it openly with your own eyes.” (Ch 3:139-143 Quran)

Allah the Exalted also said:

“We shall cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieve, because they joined others in worship with Allah for which He has sent no authority; their abode will be the Fire and how evil is the abode of the Zalimeen (polytheists and wrong-doers). And Allah did indeed fulfil His Promise to you when you were killing them (your enemy) with His Permission; until (the moment) you lost your courage and fell to disputing about the order, and disobeyed after He showed you (of the booty) which you love Among you are some that desire this world and some that desire the Hereafter. Then He made you flee from them (your enemy), and He might test you. But surely, He forgave you, and Allah is most Gracious to the believers.

And remember when you ran away (dreadfully) without even a casting a side-glance at anyone, and the Messenger (Muhammad) was in your rear calling you back. There did Allah give you one distress after another by way of requital to teach you not to grieve for that which had escaped you, nor that which had befallen you. And Allah is Well Aware of all that you do Then after the distress, He sent down security for you. Slumber overtook a party of you, while another party was thinking about themselves (as how to save their ownselves, ignoring the others and the Prophet) and thought wrongly of Allah the thought of ignorance. They said, “Have we any part in the affair?” Say you (O Muhammad): “Indeed the affair belongs wholly to Allah” They hide within themselves what they dare not reveal to you, saying: “If we had anything to do with the affair, none of us would have been killed here.” Say: “Even if you had remained in your homes, those for whom death was decreed would certainly have gone forth to the place of their death,” but that Allah might test what is in your breasts; and to Mahis (to test, to purify, to get rid of) that which was in your hearts (sins), and Allah is All Knower of what is in (your) breasts.” (Ch 3:151-154 Quran).

Narrated Al-Baraa’ Ibn Azib: “The Prophet appointed Abdullah Ibn Jubair as the commander of the infantry men (archers) who were fifty on the day (of the battle) of Uhud. He instructed them: ‘Stick to your place, and don’t leave it even if you see birds snatching us, till I send for you; and if you see that we have defeated the infidels and made them flee, even then you should not leave your place till I send for you.’ Then the infidels were defeated. By Allah I saw the women fleeing lifting up their clothes revealing their leg bangles and their legs. So, the companions of Abdullah Ibn Jubair said: “The booty! O people, the booty! Your companions have become victorious, what are you waiting for now?” Abdullah Ibn Jubair said: “Have you forgotten what Allah’s Messenger said to you?” They replied: “By Allah! We will go to the people (the enemy) and collect our share from the war booty.” But when they went to them, they were forced to turn back defeated. At that time Allah’s Messenger in their rear was calling them back. Only twelve men remained with the Prophet, and the infidels martyred seventy men from us.

“The Prophet and his companions caused the Pagans to lose one hundred and forty men, seventy of whom were captured and seventy were killed. Then Abu Sufyan asked three times: ‘Is Muhammad present among these people? The Prophet ordered his companions not to answer him. Then he asked three times: ‘Is Ibn Abu Quhafa present amongst these people? He asked again three times: ‘Is Ibn Al Khattab present among these people?” He then returned to his companions and said: ‘As for these (men), they have been killed.’ ‘Umar could not control himself and said to Abu Sufyan: You told a lie, by Allah! O enemy of Allah! All those you have mentioned are alive, and the thing which will make you unhappy is still there.’ Abu Sufyan said: Our victory today compensates for yours in the Battle of Badr, and in war (the victory) is always undecided and is shared in turns by the belligerents. You will find some of your killed men mutilated, but I did not urge my men to do so, yet I do not feel sorry for their deed. After that he started reciting cheerfully: ‘O Hubal, be superior!’ On that the Prophet said (to his companions): ‘Why don’t you answer him back? They said: O Allah’s Messenger! What shall we say?’ He said: ‘Say, Allah is Higher and more Sublime.’ Then Abu Sufyan said: ‘We have the idol of Al-Uzza, and you have no ‘Uzza.’ The Prophet said (to his companions): ‘Why don’t you answer him back?! They asked: O Allah’s Messenger! What shall we say?” He said: “Say Allah is our Helper and you have no helper.” (Sahih Al Bukhari)

The moral effect of this disastrous battle was such as to encourage some neighboring nomad tribes to make forays upon the Medinte territories, but most of these were repelled.

More Mutiny as Charter members cause dissent

The Jews also were not slow to involve in trouble the Prophet and his followers. They tried to create disaffection among his people and slandered him and his adherents. They mispronounced the words of the Qur’an so as to give them an offensive meaning. They also caused their poets, who were superior in culture and intelligence, to use their influence to sow sedition among the Muslims. One of their distinguished poets, called Ka’b, of the Bani An-Nadir, spared no efforts in publicly deploring the ill success of the idolaters after their defect at Badr.

By his satires against the Prophet and his disciples, and his elegies on the Meccans who had fallen at Badr, Kab succeeded in exciting the Quraish to that frenzy of vengeance which broke out at Uhud. He then returned to Medina, where he continued to attack the Prophet and the Muslims, men and women, in terms of the most obscene character. Though he belonged to the tribe of Bani An Nadir, which had entered into the compact with the Muslims and pledged itself both for the internal and external safety of the State, he openly directed his acts against the commonwealth of which he was a member.

Another Jew, Sallam by name, of the same tribe, behaved equally fiercely and bitterly against the Muslims. He lived with a party of his tribe at Khaibar, a village five days’ journey northwest of Medina. He made every effort to excite the neighboring Arab tribes against the Muslims. The Muslim commonwealth with the object of securing safety among the community, passed a sentence of outlawry upon Ka’b and Sallam.

 The members of another Jewish tribe, namely Bani Qainuqa’, were sentenced to expulsion from the Medinite territory for having openly and knowingly infringed the terms of the compact. It was necessary to put an end to their hostile actions of the sake of maintaining peace and security. The Prophet had to go to their headquarters, where he required them to enter definitively into the Muslim commonwealth by embracing Islam or to leave Medina. To this they replied in the most offensive terms: “You have had a quarrel with men ignorant of the art of war. If you are desirous of having any dealings with us, we shall show you that we are men.” They then shut themselves up in their fortress and set the Prophet and his authority at defiance. The Muslims decided to reduce them and laid siege to their fortress without loss of time. After fifteen days they surrendered. Though the Muslims at first intended to inflict some severe punishment on them, they contented themselves by banishing the Bani Qainuqa!

The Bani An-Nadir had now behaved in the same way as Bani Qainuqa’. The had likewise, knowingly and publicly, disregarded the terms of the Charter. The Prophet sent them a message similar to that which was sent to their brethren, the Qaimuqa’. Then, relying on the assistance of the Hypocrites’ party, returned fer a defiant reply. After a siege of fifteen days, they sued for terms. The Muslims renewed their previous offer, and the Jews of An Nadir chose to execute Medina. They were allowed to take with them all their movable property, with the exception of their arms. Before leaving Medina, they destroyed all their dwellings in imme vable property and arms which they could not carry away with them were distributed by the Prophet with the consent of the Ansar and the Emigrants. A principle was henceforth adopted that any acquisition not made in actual warfare should belong to that state and that its disposal should be left to the discretion of the ruling authorities.

Almighty Allah said: (And there is also a share in this booty) for the poor emigrants, who were expelled from their homes and their property, seeking Bounties from Allah and to please Him. And helping Allah (helping His Religion, and His Messenger (Muhammad) Such are indeed the truthful (to what we say,; and those who, before them, had homes (in Al Madina) and hod adopted the Faith, love, those who emigrate to them, and have no jealousy in their breasts for that which they have been given from the booty of Bani An Nexlir), and give them (emigrants) preference over themselves, even though they were in need of that. And whosoever is saved from his our covetousness, such are they who will be the successful” (Ch 59:8-9 Quran)

The expulsion of the Bani An-Nadir took place in the fourth year of the hijrah. The remaining portion of this year and the early part of the next were passed in repressing the hostile attempts of the nomadic tribes against the Muslims and inflicting punishment for various murderous forays on the Medinite territories. Of this nature was the expedition against the Christian Arabs of Dumat Al Jandal (a place about seven days’ journey to the scuth of Damascus), who had stepped the Medinites traffic with Syria and even threatened a raid upon Medina. These marauders, however, fled on the approach of the Muslims, and the Prophet returned to Medina after concluding a treaty with a neighboring chief, to whom he granted permission of pasturage in the Medinite territories.

Enemy’s Army (headed by Abu Sufyan) march towards Madina

In the same year, the enemies of Islam made every possible attempt to stir up the tribes against the Muslims. The Jews also took an active, if hidden, part in those intrigues. An army of ten thousand well-equipped men, marched towards Medina under the command of Abu Sufyan. They encamped near Mount Uhud, a few miles from the city. The Muslims could gather only an army of three thousand men. Seeing their inferiority in numbers on the one hand, and the turbulence of the Hypocrites within the town on the other, they preferred to remain on the defensive. They dug a deep moat round the unprotected quarters of Medina and encamped outside the city with a trench in front of them. They relied for safety of the other side upon their allies, the Quaraiza, who possessed several fortresses at a short distance towards the south and were bound by the compact to assist the Muslims against any raiders. These Jews, however, were induced by the idolaters to violate their pledge and to join the Quraish. As these Jews were acquainted with the Hypocrites within the walls of the city were waiting for an opportunity to play their part, the situation of the Muslims was most dangerous.

The siege had already lasted for twenty days. The enemy made great efforts to cross the trench, but every attempt was fiercely repulsed by the small Muslim force. Disunion was now rife in the midst of the besieging army. Their horses were perishing fast, and provisions were becoming less every day. During the night, a storm of wind and rain caused their tents to be overthrown and their lights extinguished. Abu Sufyan and the majority of his army fled, and the rest took refuge with the Quraiza. The Muslims, though they were satisfied with the failure of their enemies, could not help thinking that the victory was unsatisfactory so long as the Quraiza, who had violated their swom pledge, remained so near. The Jews might at any time surprise Medina from their side. The Muslims felt it their duty to demand an explanation of the violation of the pledge. This was utterly refused. Consequently, the Jews were besieged and compelled to surrender at discretion. They only asked that their punishment should be left to the judgment of Sa’d Ibn Mu’adh, the prince of the tribe of Aws. This chief, who was a fierce soldier, had been wounded in the attack, and, indeed, died of his wounds the following day. Infuriated by the treacherous conduct of the Bani Quraiza, he gave judgment that the fighting men should be to death and that the women and children should become the slaves of the Muslims. The sentence was carried into execution.

The Prophet protects the Christians of Madina

It was about this time that the Prophet granted to the monks of the Monastry of St. Catherine, near Mount Sinai, his liberal charter by which they secured for the Christians noble and generous privileges and immunities. He undertook himself and enjoined his followers, to protect the Christians, to defend their churches and the residences of their priests and to guard them from all injuries. They were not to be unfairly taxed; no bishop was to be driven out of his diocese; nor Christian was to be forced to reject his religion; no monk was to be expelled from his Monastry, no pilgrim was to be stopped from his pilgrimage; nor were the Christian churches to be pulled down for the sake of building mosques or houses for the Muslims. Christian women married to Muslims were to enjoy their own religion and not to be subjected to compulsion or annoyance of any kind. If the Christians should stand in need of assistance for the repair of their churches or monasteries, or any other matter pertaining to their religion, the Muslims were to assist them. This was not to be considered as supporting their religion, but as simply rendering them assistance in special circumstances. Should the Muslims be engaged in hostilities with outside Christians, no Christian resident among the Muslims should be treated with contempt on account of his creed. The Prophet declared that any Muslim violating any clause of the charter should be regarded as a transgressor of Allah’s commandments, a violator of His testament and neglectful of His faith.

The Treaty of Hudaibiya

Six years had already elapsed since the Prophet and his Meccan followers had fled from their birthplace. Their hearts began to yearn for their homes and for their Sacred House the Ka’ba. As the season of the pilgrimage approached, the Prophet announced his intention to visit the holy center, and numerous voices of his disciples responded to the call. Preparations were soon made for the journey to Mecca. The Prophet, accompanied by seven or eight hundred Muslims, Emigrants and Ansars, all totally unarmed, set out on the pilgrimage. The Quraish, who were still full of animosity towards the Muslims, gathered a large army to prevent them from entering Mecca and maltreated the envoy whom the Prophet had sent to ask permission to visit the holy places. After much difficulty, a treaty was concluded by which it was agreed that all hostilities should cease for ten years; that anyone coming from the Quraish to the Prophet without the permission of the guardian or chief should be given back to the idolaters; that any Muslim persons going over to the Meccans should not be surrendered; that any tribe desirous of entering into alliance, either with the Quraish or with the Muslims, should be at liberty to do so without disputes; that the Muslims should go back to Medina on the present occasion and stop advancing further; that they should be permitted in the following year to visit Mecca and to remain there for three days with the arms they used on journeys, namely, their scimitars in sheaths. The Treaty of Hudaibiya thus ended, the Prophet returned with his people to Medina.

Prophet Muhammad dispatches envoys

 About this time it was revealed to the Prophet that his mission should be universal. He dispatched several envoys to invite the neighboring sovereigns to Islam. The embassy to the king of Persia, Chosroes Parvis, was received with disdain and contumely. He was haughtily amazed at the boldness of the Mecca fugitive in addressing him on terms of equality. He was so enraged that he tore up into pieces the Prophet’s letter of invitation to Islam and dismissed the envoy from his presence with great contempt. When the Prophet received information on this treatment, he calmly observed: “Thus will the Empire of Chosroes be torn to pieces.”

Heraclius submits to Almighty God and embraces Islam

The embassy to Heraclitus, the Emperor of the Romans, was received much more politely and reverentially. He treated the ambassador with great respect and sent the Prophet a gracious reply to his message.

Another envoy was sent to an Arab price of the Ghassanite tribe, a Christian feudatory of Heraclius. This prince, instead of receiving the envoy with any respect, cruelly murdered him. This act caused great consternation among the Muslims, who considered it as an outrage of international obligations.

Narrated Abdullah Ibn Abbas: Abu Sufyan Ibn Harb informed me that Heraclius had sent a messenger to him while he had been accompanying a caravan from Quraish. They were merchants doing business in Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, and Jordan) at the time when Allah’s Messenger had a truce with Abu Sufyan and Quraish infidels. So Abu Sufyan and his companions went to Heraclius at Ilya (Jerusalem).

Heraclitus called them in the court and he had all the senior Roman dignitaries around him. He called for his translator who, translating Heraclius’s question, said to them: “Who among you is closely related to that man who claims to be a Prophet?” Abu Sufyan replied: “I am the nearest relative to him (amongst the group).”

Heraclius said: “Bring him (Abu Sufyan) close to me and make his companions stand behind him.” Abu Sufyan added: “Heraclius told his translator to tell my companions that he wanted to put some questions to me regarding that man (The Prophet) and if I told a lie they (my companions) should contradict me. By Allah! Had I not been afraid of my companions labeling me a liar, I would have not have spoken the truth about the Prophet.” Abu Sufyan’s narration continues:

“The first question he asked me about him was;

What is his family status among you?”

 “I replied: “He belongs to a good noble family amongst us.”

 Heraclius further asked: “Has anybody among you ever claimed the same (to be a Prophet) before him?”

 I replied: “No.”

He said: “Was anybody amongst his ancestors a king?”

I replied: “No.”

 Heraclius asked: “Do the nobles or the poor follow him?”

I replied:

“It is the poor who follow him.”

He said: “Are his followers increasing or decreasing (day by day)?”

 I replied: “They are increasing.”

He then asked: “Does anybody amongst those who embrace his religion become displeased and renounce the religion afterwards?”

I replied: “No.”

Heraclius said: “Have you ever accused him of telling lies before his claim (to be a Prophet)?”

 I replied: “No.”

 Hereaclius said: “Does he break his promises?”

 I replied: “No.

We are at truce with him but we do not know what he will do in it.” I could not find opportunity to say anything against him except that.

I said: “He tells us to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship anything along with Him. and to renounce all that our ancestors had said. He orders us to pray, to speak the truth, to be chaste and to keep good relations with our kith and kin.”

Heraclius asked the translator to convey to me the following: “I asked you about his family and your reply was that he belonged to a very noble family. In fact, all the Messengers come from noble families among their respective peoples. I questioned you whether anybody else among you claimed such a thing: your reply was in the negative. If the answer had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man was following the previous man’s statement. Then I asked you whether anyone of his ancestors was a king. Your reply was in the negative, and if it had been in the affirmative, I would have thought that this man wanted to take back his ancestral kingdom. I further asked whether he was ever accused of telling lies before he said what he said and your reply was in the negative. So I wondered how a person who does not tell a lie about others could ever tell a lie about Allah. I then asked you whether the rich people followed him or the poor. You replied that it was the poor who followed him. And, in fact, all the Messengers have been followed by this very class of people. Then I asked you whether his followers were increasing or decreasing. You replied that they were increasing, and, in fact, this is the way of true faith, till it is complete in all respects. I further asked you whether there was anybody, who, after embracing his religion, became displeased and discarded his religion. You reply was in the negative, and, in fact this is (the sign of) true faith, when its delight enters the hearts and mixes with them completely. I asked you whether he had ever betrayed. You replied in the negative, and likewise the Messengers never betray. Then I asked you what he ordered you to do. You replied that he ordered you to worship Allah and Allah alone and not to worship anything along with Him, and forbade you to worship idols, and ordered you to pray, to speak the truth and to be chaste. If what you have said is true, he will very soon occupy this place underneath my feet and I knew it (from the scriptures) that he was going to appear but I did not know that he would be from you, and if I could reach him definitely, I would go immediately to meet him and if I were with him, I would certainly wash his feet.”

Heraclius then asked for the letter addressed by Allah’s Messenger which had been delivered by Dihya to the Governor of Busra, who forwarded it to Heraclius to read. The contents of the letter were as follows: “In the name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. (This letter is) from Muhammad, the slave of Allah and His Messenger to Heraclius the ruler of Byzantine. Peace be upon him who follows the right path. Furthermore, I invite you to Islam, and if you become a Muslim you will be safe, and Allah will double your reward, and if you reject this invitation of Islam, you will be committing a sin by misguiding your subjects.

And I recite to you Allah’s Statement: SAY (O Muhammad): ‘O People of the Scripture (Jews & Christians): Come to a word that is just between us and you, that we worship none but Allah, and that we associate no partners with Him and that none of us shall take others as lords besides Allah.’ Then, if they turn away, say: ‘Bear witness that we are Muslims.”

” Abu Sufyan then added: When Heraclius had finished his speech and had read the letter, there was a great hue and cry in the Royal Court. So we turned out of the court. I told my companions that the question of Ibn-Abi-Kabsha (the Prophet Muhammad) had become so prominent that even the King of Bani Al-Asfar (Byzantine) was afraid of him. Then I started to become sure that he (the Prophet) would be the conqueror in the near future till I embraced Islam (Allah guided me to it). The sub narrator added that Ibn An-Natur was the Governor of Ilya (Jerusalem) and Heraclius was the head of the Christians of Sham. Ibn An-Natur narrated that once while Heraclius was visiting Ilya (Jerusalem), he got up in the morning with a sad mood. Some of his priests asked him why he as in that mood. Hreaclius was a foreteller and an astrologer. He replied: “At night when I looked at the stars, I saw that the leader of those who practice circumcision had appeared (become the conqueror). Who are they who practice circumcision?” The people replied: “Except the Jews, nobody practices circumcision, so you should not be afraid of them (Jews). Just Issue orders to kill every Jew present in the country.’

While they were discussing it, a messenger sent by the king of Ghassan to convey the news of Allah’s Messenger to Heraclius was brought in. Having heard the news, he (Heraclius) ordered the people to go and see whether the messenger of Ghassan was circumcised. The people, after seeing him, told Heraclius that he was circumcised. Heraclius then asked him about the Arabs. The messenger replied: “Arabs also practice circumcision.”

After hearing that Heraclius remarked that sovereignty of the Arabs had appeared. Heraclius then wrote a letter to his friend in Rome who was as good as Heraclius in knowledge. Heraclius then left for Homs (a town in Syria) and stayed there till he received the reply of his letter from his friend, who agreed with him in his opinion about the emergence of the Prophet and the fact that he was a Prophet. On that, Heraclius invited all the heads of the Byzantines to assemble in his palace at Homs. When they assembled, he ordered that all the doors of his pakice be closed. Then he came out and said: “O Byzantines! If success is your desire and if you seek right guidance and want your empire to remain, then give a pledge of allegiance to this Prophet (embrace Islam).” (on hearing the views of Heraclius) the people ran towards the gates of the palace like onagers but found the doors closed. Heraclius realized their hatred towards Islam and when he lost the hope of their embracing Islam, he ordered that they should be brought back in audience.

(When they returned) he said: “What was already said was just to test the strength of your conviction and I have seen it.” The people prostrated before him and became pleased with him, and this was the end of Heraclius’s story (in connection with his faith). (Sahih Al-Bukhari)

Attack from the Jews of Khaibar thwarted

In the same year the Jews of Khaibar, a strongly fortified territory at a distance of four days’ journey from Medina, showed implacable hatred towards the Muslims. United by alliance with the tribe of Ghatfan, as well as with other cognate tribes, the Jews of Khaibar made serious attempts to for ma coalition against the Muslims. The Prophet and his adherents were apprised of this movement and immediate measures were taken in order to repress any new attack upon Medina. An expedition of fourteen hundred men was soon prepared to march against Khaibar. The allies of the Jews left them to face the war with the Muslims all alone. The Jews firmly resisted the attacks of the Muslims, but eventually all their fortress had to be surrendered, one after the other to their enemies. They prayed for forgiveness, which was accorded to them on certain conditions. Their lands and immovable property were secured to them, together with the free practice of their religion. After subduing Khaibar, the Muslims returned to Medina in safety.

Allah’s Messenger and the Muslims perfom Hajj

 Before the end of the year, it being the seventh year of the hijrah, the Prophet and his adherents availed themselves of their armistice with the Quraish to visit the holy Ka’ba. The Prophet, accompanied by two hundred Muslims, went to Mecca to perform the rites of pilgrimage. On this occasion the Quraish evacuated the city during the three days which the ceremonies lasted. Sir William Muir, in his book, Life of Mohammed Vol. III comments on the incident as follows: It was surely a strange sight, which at this time presented itself at the vale of Mecca, a sight unique in the history of the world. The ancient city is for three days evacuated by all its inhabitants, high and low, every house deserted, and as they retire, the exiled converts, many years banished from their birth-place, approach in a great body accompanied by their allies, revisit the empty homes of their childhood, and within the short allotted space, fulfil the rites of pilgrimage. The outside inhabitants, climbing the heights around take refuge under tents or other shelter among the hills and glens; and clustering on the overhanging peak of Abu Qubeis, thence watch the movements of the visitors beneath, as with the Prophet at their head, they make the circuit of the Ka’ba and rapid procession between Essafa and Marwah, and anxiously scan every figure, if perchance they may recognize among the worshippers some long lost friend or relative. It was a scene rendered only by the throes, which gave birth to Islam.

In accordance with the terms of the treaty, the Muslims left Mecca at the end of three day’s visit. This peaceful visit was followed by important conversions among the Quraish. Khalid Ibn Al-Walid, known as the Sword of Allah, who, before this, had been a bitter enemy of Islam and who commanded the Quraish cavalry at Uhud; and Amr Ibn Al’ As, another important character and warrior, adopted the new faith.

 

Retribution for the Murder of the Muslim Envoy

When the Prophet and his followers returned to Medina, they arranged in expedition to exact retribution from the Ghassanite prince who had killed the Muslim envoy. A force of three thousand men, under the Prophet’s adopted son Zaid, was sent to take reparation from the offending tribe.

Khalid Ibn Al-Walid was one of the generals chosen for the expedition. When they reached the neighborhood of Muta, a village to the southeast of the Dead Sea, they met with an overwhelming force of Arabs and Romans who were assembled to oppose them. The Muslims, however, resolved resolutely to push forward. Their courage was of no avail and they suffered great losses. In this battle Zaid and Ja’far, a cousin of the Prophet, and several other notables were killed. Khalid Ibn Al-Walid, by a series of maneuvers, succeeded in drawing off the army and conducting it without further loses to Medina. A month later, however, Amr Ibn Al-‘ As marched unopposed through the lands of the hostile tribes, received their submission, and restored the prestige of Islam on the Syrian frontier.

Quraish violate terms of Hudaibiya, Prophets army march against Idolators

About the end of the seventh year of the hijrah, the Quraish and their allies, the Bani Bakr, violated the terms of the peace concluded at Hudaibiya by attacking the Bani Khuzaah, who were in alliance with the Muslims. The Bani Khuzzah appealed to the Prophet for help and protection. The Prophet determined to make a stop to the reign of injustice and oppression, which had lasted so long at Mecca. He immediately gathered ten thousand men to march against the idolaters and set out on January, 630.

After eight days the Muslims army halted, and alighted at Marr Az-Zahran, a day’s journey from Mecca. On the night of their arrival, Abu Sufyan, who was delegated by the Quraish to ask the Prophet to abandon his project, presented himself and besought an interview. In the morning it was granted. “Has the time not come, O Abu Sufyan,” said the Prophet, “for you to acknowledge that there is no deity save Allah and that I am His Messenger?” Abu Sufyan, after hesitating for awhile, pronounced the prescribed formula of belief and adopted Islam. He was then sent back to prepare the city for the Prophet’s approach.

With the exception of a slight resistance by certain clans headed by Ikrima and Safwan, in which many Muslims were killed, the Prophet entered Mecca almost unopposed. The city which had treated him so cruelly, driven him and his faithful band for refuge among strangers, the city which had sworn his life and the lives of his devoted adherents, now lay at his mercy. His old persecutors were now completely at his feet. The Prophet entered Mecca on his favorite camel Al Kaswa, having Usama Ibn Zaid sitting behind him. On his way he recited Surah Al Fath (Victory), the first verses of which maybe interpreted thus:

“Verily! We have given you (O Muhammad) a manifest victory. That Allah may forgive you your sins of the past and future, and complete His Favor on you, and guide you on the Straight Path, and that Allah may help you with strong help. (Ch 48:1-3 Quran)

Prophet Muhammad (saw) orders the destruction of the idols

The Muslim army entered the city unpretentiously and peacefully. No house was robbed, no man or woman was insulted. The Prophet granted a general amnesty to the entire population of Mecca. Only four criminals, whom justice condemned, were proscribed. He did however, order the destruction of all idols and pagan images of worship, upon which three hundred and fifty idols which were in the Sacred House of Ka’ba were thrown down. The Prophet himself destroyed a wooden pigeon hung from the roof and regarded as one of the deities of the Quraish. During the downfall of the images and idols he was heard to cry aloud: “Allah is great. Truth has come and falsehood has vanished; verily falsehood is fleeting.” The old idolaters observed thoughtfully the destruction of their gods, which were utterly powerless. After the Prophet had abolished these pagan idols and every pagan rite, he delivered a sermon to the assembled people. He dwelt upon the natural brotherhood of man in the words of the Qur’an:

“O Mankind! We have created you for a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know one another. Verily, the most honorable of you in the Sight of Allah is that (believer) who has At-Taqwa (one of the Muttaqun, pious, and righteous persons who fear Allah much, abstain from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden), and love Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained.) Verily Allah is All-Knowing, All-Aware. (Ch 49:13 Quran)

Narrated Hisham’s father: When Allah’s Messenger set out (towards Mecca) during the year of the Conquest (of Mecca) and this news reached (the infidels of Quraish), Abu Sufyan, Hakim Ibn Hizam and Budail Ibn Waraqa came out to gather information about Allah’s Messenger. They proceeded on their way till they reached a place called Marr-az-Zahran (which is near Mecca). Behold! There they saw many fires as if they were the fires of Arafat.” Budail Ibn Waraqa’ said: “Banu’ Amr are less in number than that.” Some of the guards of Allah’s Messenger saw them and took them over, caught them, and bthem to Allah’s Messenger. Abu Sufyan embraced Islam. When the Prophet proceeded, he said to Al’ Abbas: “Keep Abu Sufyan standing at the top of the mountain so that he would look at the Muslims. SO AL Abbas kept him standing (at that place) and the tribes with the Prophet started passing in front of Abu Sufyan in military batches. A batch passed in front of Abu Sufyan and said: “O ‘Abbas who are these?” ‘Abbas said: “They are Banu Ghaifar.” Abu Sufyan said: “I have got nothing to do with Ghifar.” Then a batch of the tribe of Juhaina passed by and he said similarly as above. Then a batch of the tribe of Sa’d Ibn Huzaim passed by and he said similarly as above. Then came a batch, the like of which Abu Sufyan had not seen. He said: “Who are these?” Abbas said: “They are the Ansar headed by Sa’d Ibn ‘Ubada, the one holding the flag.” Sa’d Ibn ‘Ubada said: “O Abu Sufyan! Today is the day of a great battle and today (what is prohibited in )the Ka’ba will be permissible.” Abu Sufyan said, “O Abbas! How excellent the day of destruction is!” Then came another batch of warriors which was the smallest of all the batches, and in it there was Allah’s Messenger and his companions, and the flag of the Prophet was carried by Az-Zubair Ibn Al-Awwam. When Allah’s Messenger passed by Abu Sufyan, the latter said to the Prophet: “Do you know what Sa’d Ibn Ubada said?” The Prophet said: “What did he say?” Abu Sufyan said: “He said so-and-so.” The Prophet said: “Sa’d told a lie, but today Allah will give superiority to the Ka’ba and today the Ka’ba will be covered with a cloth covering.” Allah’s Messenger ordered that his flag be fixed at Al-Hajun.

Narrated Urwa: Nafi’ Ibn Jubair Ibn Mut’im said: “I heard Al-Abbas saying to Az-Zubair Ibn Al- Awwam, O Abu Abdullah! Did Allah’s Messenger order you to fix the flag here?” “Allah’s Messenger ordered Khalid Ibn Al-Walid to enter Mecca from its upper part from Kadaa’ while the Prophet himself entered from Kudaa. Two men from the cavalry of Khalid Ibn Al-Walid named Hubaish Ibn Al Ashar and Kurz Ibn Jabir Al-Fihri were martyred on that day. (Sahih Al Bukhari) Now great multitudes came to adopt Islam and take the oath of allegiance to the Prophet. For this purpose an assembly was held at As-Safa Mountain. Umar, acting as the Prophet’s deputy administered the oath, whereby the people bound themselves not to adore any deity but Allah to obey the Prophet to abstain from theft, adultery, infanticide, lying and backbiting. Thus was fulfilled the prophecy embodied in the Surah Al Fath in the Quran.

At this time the tribes of Hawazin and Thakif showed unwillingness to render obedience to the Muslims without resistance. They formed a league with the intention of attacking the Prophet, but he was vigilant enough to frustrate their plan. A big battle was fought with this new enemy of Islam near Hunain, a deep and narrow defile nine miles northeast of Mecca. The idolaters were utterly defeated. One body of the enemy, consisting chiefly of the Thakif tribe, took refuge in their fortified city of Ta’if, which eight or nine years before had dismissed the Prophet from within its walls with injuries and insults. The remainder of the defeated force, consisting principally of the Hawazin, sought at a camp in the valley of Autas. This camp was raided by the Muslim troops. The families of the Hawazin, their flocks and herds with all their other effects, were captured by the troops of the Prophet. Ta’if was then besieged for a few days only, after which the Prophet raised the siege, well knowing that the people of Taif would soon be forced by circumstances to submit without bloodshed. Returning to his camp where the prisoners of Hawazin were left safely, the Prophet found a deputation from this hostile tribe who begged him to set free their families. The Prophet replied that he was willing to give back his own share of those captives and that of the children of Abdul Muttalib, but that he could not force his followers to abandon the fruits of their victory. The disciples followed the generous example of their teacher. The hearts of several members of the Thakir tribe were so influenced by this that they offered their allegiance and soon became earnest Muslims. The Prophet now returned to Medina fully satisfied with the achievements of his mission.

The ninth year of the hijrah is known as the Year of Embassies, as being the year in which the various tribes of Arabia submitted to the claim of the Prophet and sent embassies to render homage to him.

These tribes had been awaiting the issue of the war between Muhammad and the Quraish; but as soon as the tribe – the principal of the whole nation and the descendants of Ishmael, whose prerogatives none offered to dispute – had submitted, they were satisfied that it was not in their power to oppose Muhammad. Hence their embassies flocked into Medina to make their submission to him. The conquest of Mecca decided the fate of idolatry in Arabia. Now deputations began to arrive from all sides to render the adherence to Islam of various tribes. Among the rest, five princes of the tribe of Himyar professed Islam and sent ambassadors to notify Muhammad of the same. These were the princes of Yemen, Mahra, Oman, and Yamama. The idolaters of Ta’if, the very people who had driven the Messenger of Islam from their midst with violence and contempt, now sent a deputation to pray forgiveness and ask to be numbered among his followers. They begged, however, for temporary preservation of their idols. As a last appeal they begged for one month of grace only. But even this was not conceded. The Prophet said Islam and the idols could not exist together. They then begged for exemption from the daily prayers. The Prophet replied that without devotion, religion would be nothing. At last they submitted to all that was required of them. They, however, asked to be exempted from destroying the idols with their own hands. This was granted. The Prophet selected Abu Sufyan and Mughira to destroy the idols of Taif, the chief of which was the notorious idol of Al-Lat. This was carried out amidst cries of despair and grief from the women of Ta’if.

The conversion of this tribe of Ta’if is worthy of notice. This tribe, which hither to had proved hostile to the new faith, was noted among the Arabs for its idolatrous priesthood. A small detachment under Ali was sent to reduce them to obedience and to destroy their idols. The prince of the tribe was ‘Adi, the son of the famous Hatim, whose generosity was spoken of all over Arabia. On the approach of the Muslim force, Adi fled to Syria, leaving his sister with his principal clansmen, to fall into the hands of the Muslims. These were conducted by Ali with every sign of respect and sympathy to Medina. When the daughter of Hatim came before the Prophet, she addressed him in the following words: “Messenger of Allah, my father is dead; my brother, my only relation fled into the mountains on the approach of the Muslims, I cannot ransom myself, I count on your generosity for my deliverance. My father was an illustrious man, the prince of his tribe, a man who ransomed prisoners, protected the honor of women, fed the poor, cothe afflicted, and was deaf to no appeal.” The Prophet replied: “Your father had the virtues of a true Muslim; if it were permitted to invoke the mercy of Allah on any whose life was passed in idolatry, I would pray to Allah for mercy for the soul of Hatim.” Then, addressing the Muslims around him, he said: “the daughter of Hatim is free, her father was a generous and humane man; Allah loves and rewards the merciful.” With the daughter of Hatim, all her people were set at liberty. She proceeded to Syria and related to her brother the generosity of Muhammad. ‘Adi. touched by gratitude, hastened to Medina, where he was kindly received by the Prophet. He professed Islam and returned to his people and persuaded them to abandon idolatry. They all submitted and became devoted Muslims.

Hitherto no prohibition had been enforced against idolaters entering the Holy Ka’ba, or performing their abominable rites within the sacred precincts. Towards the end of the ninth year of the hijrah, during the month of pilgrimage ‘Ali was delegated by the Prophet to read a proclamation that ran as follows: “No idolater shall after this year perform the pilgrimage; no one shall make the circuit of the Ka’ba naked (such a disgraceful custom was practiced by the pagan Arabs), and treaty with the Prophet shall continue in force but four months are allowed to every man to return to his territories; after that there will be no obligation on the Prophet, except towards those with whom treaties have been concluded.”

The vast multitude who had listened to the above declaration returned to their homes, and before the following year was over the majority of them were Muslims.

During the tenth year of the hijrah, as in the preceding one, numerous embassies continued to pour into Medina from all parts of Arabia, to testify to the allegiance of their chiefs and their tribes. Teachers were sent by the Prophet into the different provinces to teach the new converts the principles and precepts of Islam. These teachers were invariably given the following injunctions when they were about to depart on their mission: “Deal gently with the people, and be not harsh; cheer them, and do not look down upon them with contempt. You will meet with many believers in the Holy Scriptures, who will ask you: ‘What is the key to heaven? Answer them it (the key to heaven) is to bear witness to the divine truth and to do good.”

Thus, the mission of the Prophet Muhammad was now accomplished; the whole work was achieved in his lifetime. Idolatry with its nameless abominations was entirely destroyed. The people who were sunk in superstition, cruelty, and vice in regions where spiritual life was utterly unknown were now united in one bond of faith, hope and charity. The tribes which had been from time immemorial engaged in perpetual wars were now united together by the ties of brotherhood, love, and harmony. Henceforth, their aims were not confined to this earth alone; but there was something beyond the grave- much higher, purer, and diviner – calling them to the practice of charity, goodness, justice, and universal love. They could now perceive that Allah was not that which they had carved out of wood or stone, but the Almighty Loving, Merciful, the Creator of the Universe.

Prophet Muhammad’s last Sermon, mount Arafat

 On the return of the sacred month of pilgrimage, the Prophet, under the presentiment of his approaching end, determined to make a farewell pilgrimage to Mecca. In February 632, he left Medina with a very considerable concourse of Muslims. It is stated that from ninety thousand to one hundred and forty thousand people accompanied the Prophet. Before completing all rites of the pilgrimage, he addressed the assembled multitude from the top of Mount Arafat in the following words:

“O people! Listen to my words, for I know not whether another year will be vouchsafed to me after this year to find myself among you. Your lives and property are sacred and inviolable among one another until you appear before the Lord, as this day and this month are sacred for all; and remember, you will have to appear before your Lord Who will demand from you an account for all your actions. O people, you have rights over your wives, and your wives have a right over you. Verily you have taken them on the security of Allah and have made their people lawful unto you by the words of Allah. And your slaves, see that you feed them with such food as you eat yourselves, and clothe them with the stuff you wear, and if they commit a fault which you are not inclined to forgive, then part with them; for they are the servants of the Lord and are not to be harshly treated. O people, listen to my words and understand them. Know that all Muslims are brothers. You are one brotherhood; but no man shall take ought from his brother, unless by his free consent. Keep yourselves from injustice. Let him who is present tell this to him who is absent. It maybe that he who is told this afterward may remember better than he who has now heard it. The Prophet concluded his sermon by exclaiming: “O Lord, I have fulfilled my message and accomplished my work.” The assembled multitude, all in one voice, cried: “Yea, verily you have.” The Prophet again exclaimed: “O Lord, I beseech You, bear witness to it.”

Prophet returns to Madina

Having rigorously performed all the ceremonies of the pilgrimage, that his example might be followed by all Muslims for all succeeding ages, the Prophet returned with his followers to Medina.

The eleventh year of the hijrah, being the last year of Muhammad’s life, was spent at Medina. There he settled the organization of the provincial and tribal communities which had adopted Islam and become the component parts of the Muslims federation. More officers had to be deputed to the interior provinces for the purpose of teaching their inhabitants the precepts of the religion, administering justice, and collecting Zakat. Muadh Ibn Jabal was sent to Yemen. On his departure to that distant province the Prophet enjoined him to use his own discretion in the event of his being unable to find express authority in the Quran, Ali was deputed to Yamama in the southeast of the peninsula. To him the Prophet said: “Never decide between any two parties who come to you for justice unless you first hear both of them.”

Murders and false claims of Prophethood arise

A force was being prepared under Usama Ibn Zaid, whose father was killed at Muta, against the Byzantines, to exact the long-delayed reparation for the murder of the envoy to Syria. However, the news of the Prophet’s sickness and failing health caused that expedition to be stopped. This news was soon noised abroad and produced disorder in some districts. Three pretenders had arisen who gave themselves out as prophets and tried by all kinds of imposture to win over their tribes. The most dangerous of these pretenders was known as Al Aswad. He was a chief of Yemen and a conjurer. He soon succeeded in gaining over his tribesmen and, with the help, reduced to subjection many of the neighboring towns. He killed Shahr, whom the Prophet had appointed as Governor of Sana in the place of his father Bazan, who had just died. Bazan had been the viceroy of Yemen under Chosroes of Persia; after he had adopted Islam he was allowed by the Prophet to remain as Governor of Yemen. He was able to convert to Islam all the Persian colony in that province. Al-Aswad, the conjurer, had now killed Shahr, but soon after he was massacred by the Persians of Yemen.

The other two pretenders, Tulayha and Haroun by name, were not suppressed until after the death of the Prophet, during the reign of Abu Bakr. Haroun, better known as Mussaylamah, addressed to the Prophet a letter which ran as follows: “From Mussay lamah the Prophet of Allah, to Muhammad the Prophet of Allah. Peace be to you. I am your partner. Let the exercise of authority be divided between us. Half the earth will be mine, and half will belong to your Quraish. But the Quraish are too greedy to be satisfied with a just division.” To this letter the Prophet replied as follows: “From Muhammad the Messenger of Allah to Mussaylamah the liar. Peace be to those who follow the right path. The earth belongs to Allah. It is He Who makes the reign whomsoever He pleases. Only those will prosper who fear the Lord.”

Prophet Muhammad’s last days

The health of the Prophet grew worse. His last days were remarkable for the calmness and serenity of his mind. He was able, though weak and feeble, to lead the public prayers until within three days of his death. He requested that he might be permitted to stay at ‘Aisha’s house close to the mosque during his illness, an arrangement to which his other wives assented. As long as his strength lasted, he took part in the public prayers. The last time he appeared in the mosque he addressed the congregation, after the usual prayers were over, in the following words: “O Muslims, if I have wronged anyone of you, here I am to answer for it; if I owe anything to anyone, all I may happen to possess belongs to you.” A man in the crowd rose and claimed three Dhirhams which he had given to a poor man at the request of the Prophet. They were immediately paid back with these words: “Better to blush in this world than in the next.”

The Prophet then prayed and implored Allah’s mercy for those who had fallen in the persecution of their enemies. He recommended to all his followers the observance of religious duties and the leading of a life of peace and goodwill. Then he spoke with emotion and with a voice still so powerful as to reach beyond the outer doors of the mosque: “By the Lord in Whose hand lies the soul of Muhammad as to myself, no man can lay hold on me in any matter, I have not made law ful anything excepting what Allah has made lawful; nor have I prohibited anything but that which Allah in His Book has prohibited.”

Then turning to the women who sat close by, he exclaimed: “O Fatimah, my, daughter, and Safia, my aunt, work you both that which procure you acceptance with the Lord, for verily I have no power to save you in any wise.” He then rose and re-entered the house of Aisha.

The death of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him

After this, the Prophet never appeared at public prayers. A few hours after he returned from the mosque, the Prophet died while laying his head on the bosom of Aisha. As soon as the Prophet’s death was announced, a crowd of people gathered at the door of the house of Aisha, exclaiming “How can our messenger be dead?” Umar said: “No, he is not dead; he will be restored to us, and those are traitors to the cause of Islam who say he is dead. If they say so let them be cut in pieces.” But Abu Bakr entered the house at this moment, and after he had touched the body of the Prophet with a demonstration of profound affection, he appear at the door and addressed the crowd with the following speech: “O Muslims, if anyone of you has been worshipping Muhammad, then let me tell you that Muhammad is dead. But if you really do worship Allah then know that Allah is living and will never die. Do you forget the verse in the Quran:

“Muhammad is not more than a Messenger, and indeed (many) Messengers have passed away before him. If he dies or is killed, will you then turn your back on your heels (as disbeliveers)? And he who turns back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah, and Allah will give reward to those who are grateful.” (Ch 3:144 Quran).

 Upon hearing this speech of Abu Bakr, Umar acknowledged his error, and the crowd was satisfied and dispersed.

Al-Abbas, the Prophet’s uncle, presided at the preparation for the burial, and the body was duly washed and perfumed. There was some dispute between the Quraish and the Ansars as to the place of burial; however, Abu Bakr settled the dispute by affirming that he had heard the Prophet say that a prophet should be buried at the very spot where he died. A grave was accordingly dug in the ground within the house of Aisha and under the bed on which the Prophet died. In this grave the body was buried, and the usual rites were performed by those who were present. Thus ended the glorious life of that Prophet Muhammad.

May the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him.

REFERENCE:
Book: “Stories Of the Prophets”
By  Al-Imam Ibn Katheer.

محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم

کیا یہ ممکن ہے کہ آپ مجھے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی زندگی پرایک نوٹ لکھ دیں ؟

 

 

الحمد للہ.

بنواسرائيل میں اختلاف پیدا ہوا اورانہوں نے اپنے عقیدے اورشریعت میں تبدیلی اورتحریف کرڈالی توحق مٹ گيا اورباطل کاظہورہونے لگا اورظلم وستم اورفساد کا دوردوراہوا امت اورانسانیت کوایسے دین کی ضرورت محسوس ہو‏ئ جو حق کوحق اورباطل کومٹاۓ اورلوگوں کوسراط مستقیم کی طرف چلاۓ تو رحمت الہی جوش میں آئ اورمحمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کومبعوث فرمایا :

 

اللہ سبحانہ وتعالی کافرمان ہے :

اس کتاب کوہم نے آپ پراس لیے اتارا ہے کہ آپ ان کے لیے ہر اس چيزکو واضح کردیں جس میں وہ اختلاف کر رہے ہیں اور یہ ایمان داروں کے لیے راہنمائ اوررحمت ہے 

 النحل ( 64 ) ۔

اللہ تبارک وتعالی نے سب انبیاء ورسل اس لیے مبعوث فرماۓ تا کہ وہ اللہ وحدہ کی عبادت کی دعوت دیں اورلوگوں کواندھیروں سے نور ھدایت کی طرف نکالیں ، توان میں سب سے پہلے نوح علیہ السلام اورآخری محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم تھے ۔

 

اللہ سبحانہ وتعالی کا ارشاد ہے :

ہم نے ہرامت میں رسول بھیجا کہ ( لوگو) صرف اللہ وحدہ کی عبادت کرو اورطاغوت سے بچو  النحل ( 36 ) ۔

اورانبیاءورسل میں آخر اورخاتم النبیین محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ہیں جن کے بعد کوئ نبی نہیں ۔

 

اللہ تبارک وتعالی کا فرمان ہے :

 

( لوگو) تمہارے مردوں میں سے محمد ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) کسی کے باپ نہیں ہیں لیکن وہ اللہ تعالی کے رسول اور خاتم النبیین ہیں  الاحزاب (40)

اورہرنبی خاص طورپراس کی اپنی قوم کی طرف بھیجا جاتا تھا لیکن اللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوسب لوگوں کی طرف عام بھیجا گيا ہے جیسا کہ اللہ تبارک وتعالی کا فرمان ہے :

اورہم نے آپ کوتمام لوگوں کے لیے خوشخبریاں سنانے والا اورڈرانے والا بنا کربھیجا ہے لیکن لوگوں کی اکثریت اسے کا علم نہیں رکھتی  سبا ( 28 ) ۔

اوراللہ تبارک وتعالی نے اپنے رسول صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پرقرآن مجید نازل فرمایا تا کہ وہ انہیں ان کے رب کےحکم سے اندھیروں سے نوراسلام کی روشنی کی طرف نکالیں ۔

 

اللہ عزوجل نے فرمایا :

الر یہ عالی شان کتاب ہم نے آّپ کی طرف اس لیے اتاری ہے کہ آّپ لوگوں کوان کے رب کے حکم سےاندھیروں سے اجالے اورروشنی کی طرف لائيں ، زبردست اورتعریفوں والے اللہ کے راہ کی طرف  ابراھیم ( 1 ) ۔

  • محمد بن عبداللہ بن عبدالمطلب الھاشمی قریشی عام فیل جس میں ہاتھیوں والے کعبہ منھدم کرنے آۓ تھے تواللہ تعالی نے انہيں نیست نابود کردیا میں مکہ مکرمہ کے علاقہ میں پیدا ہوۓ ۔

 

  • آّپ ابھی ماں کے پیٹ میں ہی تھے توان کے والد کا انتقال ہوگيا اورآپ یتیمی کی حالت میں پیدا ہوۓ اورانہیں حلیمہ سعدیہ نے دودھ پلایا ، پھر والد آمنہ بنت وھب کے ساتھ اپنے مامووں کی زيارت کے لیے مدینہ آۓ اورمدینہ سے مکہ واپس آتے ہوۓ راستے میں ابواء نامی جگہ پرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی والدہ فوت ہوگئيں اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی اس وقت عمر چھ برس تھی ، اس کے بعد دادا عبدالمطلب نے کفالت کا ذمہ لیا اور جب دادا فوت ہوا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی عمر صرف آٹھ برس تھی ۔

 

  • پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی کفالت ان کے چچا ابوطالب نے لے لی تووہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی نگہبانی اورپرورش کرنے لگے اوران کی عزت وتکریم کرتے اورچالیس برس سےبھی زيادہ دفاع بھی کیا ، نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا چچا ابوطالب اس ڈرسے کہ آباء واجدادکے دین کوترک کرنے پر قریش اسے عار دلائيں گے اسلام قبول کیے بغیر ہی فوت ہوا ۔

 

  • نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم چھوٹی عمرمیں مکہ والوں کی بکریا چرایا کرتے تھے ، پھر خدیجہ بنت خویلد رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا کا مال تجارت لے کر شام کی طرف گۓ جس میں بہت زیادہ نفع ہوا ، اور خدیجہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا کو نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی سچائ وامانت ودیانت اوراخلاق بہت پسند آيا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے شادی کرلی اس وقت نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی عمر پچیس برس اور خدیجہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا کی عمرچالیس برس تھی ، اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے خدیجہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا کی زندگی میں اورکوئ شادی نہیں کی ۔

 

  • اللہ تعالی نے محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی اچھی پرورش فرمائ اوراحسن وبہتر ادب سکھایا ، ان کی تربیت فرماکر انہیں علم وتعلیم سے نوازا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اخلاقی و پیدائشی اعتبارسے قوم میں سے احسن واعلی قرارپاۓ ، اورعظیم مرو‎ؤت اوروسیع حلم بردباری اوربات کے پکے اورسچے اورامانت کی سب سے زیادہ حفاظت کرنے والے تھے جس کی بنا پرقریش انہیں صادق اورامین کے لقب سے پکارتے رہے ۔

 

  • پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوخلوت پسند ہونے لگی تووہ غار حراء میں کئ کئ دن رات گوشہ نشین رہ کراپنے رب کی عبادت بجالاتے اوراس سے دعائيں کرتے ، نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بتوں ، شراب اوراخلاق رذیلہ سے نفرت اوربغض رکھتے اورپوری زندگی ان کی طرف التفات بھی نہیں فرمایا ۔

 

  • اورجب نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پینتیس 35 برس کی عمر کوپہنچے توسیلاب کی بناپرکعبہ کی دیواریں خستہ حال ہونے کی بنا پرقریش نے اس کی تعمیر نوکی تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بھی اس میں شریک ہوۓ ، جب حجر اسود کا مسئلہ آيا توقریش آپس میں اختلاف کرنے لگے جس میں انہوں نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوحکم اورفیصل مانا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ایک چادرمنگوا کراس میں حجراسود رکھا پھر قبائل کے سرداروں کوحکم دیا کہ وہ اس کے کونے پکڑيں تواس طرح ان سب نے اسے اٹھایا اورمحمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اپنے ہاتھوں سے حجراسود کواس جگہ پرلگا دیا اوراس پر دیورا بنائ گئ اوراس طرح سب کے سب راضی ہوۓ اورجھگڑا ختم ہوا ۔

 

  • اہل جاھلیت میں کچھ اچھی خصلت بھی تھیں مثلا کرم وفا اورشجاعت وبہادری ، اورکچھ دین ابراھیم علیہ السلام کے بقایا مثلا بیت اللہ کی تعظیم اورطواف ، حج اورعمرہ ، اورقربانی ذبح کرنی وغیر بھی موجود تھیں ۔

 

  • لیکن اس کے ساتھ ساتھ کچھ ایسی خصیص اورذمیم گندی خصلتیں بھی ان میں موجود تھیں ، مثلا زنا ، شراب نوشی ، سود خوری ، لڑکیوں کوزنددرگور کرنا ، ظلم وستم ، اورسب سے قبیح اورشنیع کام بتوں کی عبادت تھی ۔

 

  • دینی ابراھیم میں تبدیلی کرنے اوربتوں کی عبادت کرنے کی دعوت دینے والا سب سے پہلا شخص عمروبن لحیی الخزاعی تھا جس نے مکہ مکرمہ وغیرہ میں بت درآمد کیے اورلوگوں کوان بتوں کی عبادت کی طرف دعوت دی ان بتوں میں ود ، سواع ، یغوث ، یعوق ، اورنسر شامل ہیں ۔

 

  • اس کے بعد عربوں نے کئ‏ اوربھی بت بنالیے جن کی عبادت کرنے لگے وادی قدید میں مناۃ ، اور وادی نخلہ میں عزي اورکعبہ کے اندر ھبل اورکعبہ کے ارد گرد بھی بت ہی بت اورلوگوں نے اپنے گھروں میں بھی بت رکھے ہوۓ تھے اورلوگ اپنے فیصلے کاہنوں نجومیوں جادوگروں سے کرواتے ۔

 

  • جب اس صورت می‍ں شرک وفساد عام ہوچکا تھا تواللہ تعالی نے اپنے آخری نبی محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوان حالات میں مبعوث فرمایا توان کی عمر چالیس برس تھی بعثت کے بعد نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم لوگوں کوایک اللہ وحدہ لاشریک کی عبادت کی طرف بلانے اوربتوں عبادت کوترک کرنے کي دعوت دینا شروع کی توقریش مکہ نے اس کا انکار کیا اورکہنے لگے :

کیا اس نے سب معبودوں کو ایک ہی معبودبنا دیا ہے بلا شبہ یہ تو بہت ہی عجیب سی چيز ہے  ص ( 5 ) ۔

  • تواس طرح ان بتوں کی اللہ تعالی کے علاوہ عبادت کی جانے لگي حتی کہ اللہ تعالی نے اپنے رسول محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوتوحید اسلام دے کرمبعوث فرمایا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اور ان کے صحابہ کرام نے ان بتوں کوتوڑ کرنیت ونابود کیا توحق غالب اورباطل جاتا رہا ۔
  •  

اللہ سبحانہ وتعالی نے فرمایا ہے :

اورآپ کہہ دیجیۓ کہ حق غالب ہوگيا اورباطل جاتا رہا اورپھرباطل توہے ہی مٹنے والا  الاسراء ( 81 ) ۔

توجب سب سے پہلے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پرغارحراء جس میں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم وسلم عبادت کیا کرتےتھے فرشتہ آیا اوراس نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوپڑھنے کا حکم دیا تورسول صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا میں توپڑھنا نہیں جانتا توفرشتے نے تکرار سے کئ بارکہا اورتیسری بار یہ وحی نازل ہوئ فرمان باری تعالی ہے :

اپنے رب کے نام سے پڑھو جس نے پیدا فرمایا ، جس نے انسان کوخون کے لوتھڑے سے پیدا فرمایا ، توپڑھـ اورتیرا رب بڑے کرم والا ہے ، جس نے قلم کے ذریعے علم سکھایا 

 العلق ( 1 – 4 ) ۔

  • تواس طرح نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم غارحراء سے واپس لوٹے توآپ کپکپاتے ہوۓ اپنی بیوي خدیجہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا کے پاس آۓ اورانہیں سارا قصہ سنایا اورکہنے لگے مجھے تواپنی جان کاخطرہ محسوس ہورہا ہے تووہ انہیں اطمنان دلاتے ہوۓ کہنے لگيں :

اللہ تعالی کی قسم اللہ تعالی آّپ کوکبھی بھی رسوا نہیں کرے گا ۔

اللہ کی قسم آپ توصلہ رحمی اور سچی بات کرتے ہیں ، اورآپ کمزوراور ضعیف لوگوں کا بوجھ اٹھاتے اورفقیر کی مدد کرتے اورمہمان کی مہان نوازی کرتے اور حق کی مدد کرتے ہیں ۔

توخدیجہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا انہں لے کر چچازاد ورقہ بن نوفل کے پاس گئيں جو کہ جاھلیت میں نصرانی ہوگیا تھا ، جب انہوں ورقہ سے سارا قصہ بیان کیا تواس نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوخوشخبری دیتے ہوۓ کہا :

 

  • یہ تووہی پاکباز ناموس ہے جو موسی علیہ السلام پرنازل ہوا کرتا تھا ، اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوتلقین کہ جب انہیں ان کی قوم اذيت دیں اورانہیں وہاں سے نکال دیں تو وہ صبر سے کام لیں ۔

 

  • اور وحی کچھـ مدت کے لیے رک گئ تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم غمگین ہوگۓ ۔

 

وہ ایک دن چل رہےتھے تواچانک ایک بار پھر آسمان وزمین کے درمیان فرشتے کودیکھا توگھرواپس آ کر چادر اوڑھ لی تواللہ تعالی نے یہ آيات نازل فرمائيں

اے کپڑا اوڑھنے والے ! کھڑا ہوجا اورآگاہ کردے ، اوراپنے رب کی بڑائياں بیان کر ، اوراپنے کپڑوں کوپاک صاف رکھا کر، اورناپاکی کوچھوڑ دے  المدثر( 1-4 ) ۔

  • پھر اس کے بعد وحی کا سلسلہ چل نکلا اورمسلسل وحی آتی رہی ۔

 

  • نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مکہ میں تیرہ برس تک اللہ وحدہ لاشریک کی عبادت کی دعوت خاموشی سےدیتے رہے پھرا للہ تعالی نے کھل کراورظاہری دعوت دینے کا حکم نازل فرمایا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے نرمی اوربڑے پیارسے لڑآئ وقتال کے بغیر حق کی دعوت دینی شروع کی اورسب سے پہلے اپنے عزیز اقارب اورپھر ان کے ارد گرد والے لوگوں کو اورپھر سب عرب کو اورپھر اس کے بعد پوری دنیا کے لوگوں کوحق کی دعوت دی ۔
  •  

اللہ تعالی نے دعوت حقہ کوظاہرکرنے کا حکم دیتے ہوۓ فرمایا :

 

جس کا آپ کوحکم دیا گيا ہے اسے کھول کرسنا دیں اورمشرکوں سے اعراض کرتے رہيں  الحجر ( 94 ) ۔

  • اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پرایمان لانے والوں میں غنی اورشرف والے اورکمزورو ضعیف ، فقراء اور تھوڑے سے مردوعورتیں شامل تھیں ، ان سب کودین اسلام کی بنا پر اذیتیں دی گئيں اوربعض کوتو قتل بھی کردیا گیا ، اورکچھ نے حبشہ کی طرف ھجرت کی تاکہ قریش کی اذيت سے فرار ہوں اورچھٹکارا حاصل ہوسکے ، اور ان کے ساتھ رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوبھی اذیت سے دوچارکیا گيا حتی کہ اللہ تعالی نے دین اسلام کوغلبہ عطا کیا ۔

 

  • جب نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی عمرپچاس برس کی ہو‏ئ اوربعثت کودس برس گذرگۓ تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کےچچا ابوطالب جو کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے حمایت کرتا اورقریش کی اذیت وتکالیف سے بچاؤ تھا اس دنیا سے کوچ کرگیا ، پھر آّپ کی غمخوار بیوی خدیجہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا بھی اس دنیا سے اسی سال رخصت ہوگئيں تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پراذیتوں کے پہا‎ڑٹوٹ پڑے اورقریش کی جرات اوربڑھ گئ جو کہ ابوطالب کے ہوتے ہوۓ کچھ نہیں کرسکتے تھے اب ہرطرح کی تکلیف دینے لگے لیکن نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اجروثواب کی نیت کرتے ہوۓ صبر سے کام لیا ۔

 

  • لیکن جب قریش کی اذیت وتکالیف اورجرات میں اضافہ ہوا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مکہ سے طائف کی جانب نکلے اوروہاں کے لوگوں کودعوت توحید دی لیکن کسی نے بھی وہ دعوت قبول نہ کی بلکہ الٹا اذيت و تکلیف دی اورپتھر برساۓ حتی کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاؤں خوں الود ہوگۓ تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مکہ واپس آکر حج وغیرہ کے موسم میں لوگوں کواسلام کی دعوت دینے میں مصروف ہوگۓ ۔

 

پھر اللہ تعالی نے مسجد حرام سے لیکر مسجد اقصی تک براق پرسوار کر کے جبریل امین کی صحبت میں معراج کرائ اوروہاں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے انبیاء کرام کونمازپڑھائ اورپھر انہیں آسمان دنیا پرلےجایا گيا جہاں انہوں نے آدم علیہ السلام اوراچھے اورسعادت مند لوگوں کی روحوں کوان کے دائيں جانب اور بدبخت اورشقی لوگوں کی روحوں کوان کے بائيں جانب دیکھا ۔
پھر دوسرے آسمان پرلےجاۓگۓ تووہاں عیسی اوریحیی علیہم السلام اورتیسرے آسمان میں یوسف علیہ السلام اورچھوتھے آسمان میں ادریس علیہ السلام اورپانچویں میں ھارون علیہ السلام اورچھٹےمیں موسی علیہ السلام اورساتویں میں ابراھیم علیہ السلام کودیکھا پھر انہیں سدرۃ المنتہی تک لے جايا گيا اوراس کے بعد نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے رب نے ان سے کلام فرمائ اوران کی امت پردن رات میں پچاس نمازيں فرض کیں ، پھر اس میں تخفیف کرکے پانچ رکھیں لیکن اجر پچاس کا ہے رہنے دیا ۔
اور نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی امت پر اللہ تعالی کے فضل کرم سے پانچ نمازوں پراستقرار ہوا ، پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم صبح ہونے سے قبل ہی مکہ واپس تشریف لاۓ توجوکچھ رات ہوا تھا اس کا قصہ ان کے سامنے بیان کیا ،تومومنوں نے اس کی تصدیق اور کافروں نے تکذیب کی ، اسی معراج کی طرف اشارہ کرتے ہوۓ اللہ تبارک وتعالی کا ارشاد ہے :

پاک ہے وہ ذات جس نے اپنے بندے کورات کے کچھ حصہ میں مسجد حرام سے مسجد تک کی سیر کرائ جس کے ارد گرد ہم نے برکتیں کررکھیں ہں تاکہ ہم اپنی آیات دکھلائيں بلاشبہ وہ اللہ سننےاوردیکھنے والا ہے  الاسراء ( 1 )۔

  • پھر اللہ تعالی نے ایسے لوگ مہیا اورتیارکردیے جوکہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی مدد ونصرت کریں توموسم حج میں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مدینہ کے خزرج قبیلہ کے کچھ لوگوں سے ملے تووہ اسلام لاۓ اور مدینہ واپس جاکر اسلام کوپھیلایا اوردوسرے سال پھرموسم حج میں دس سے کچھ زيادہ آدمی نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوملے اورجب وہ واپس جانے لگے تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسمل نے ان کے ساتھ مصعب بن عمیررضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کوروانہ کیا تا کہ وہ لوگوں کوقرآن مجید کی تعلیم دیں اورانہیں اسلام سکھائيں تواس طرح مصعب رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کے ھاتھو ں بہت سی خلقت مسلمان بن کراسلام میں داخل ہوئ جن میں قبیلہ اوس کے زعماء سعد بن معاذ اور اسید بن حضير رضي اللہ تعالی عنہم شامل تھے ۔

 

  • اس کے بعد آئندہ برس موسم حج میں اوس اورخزرج میں سے ستر70 سے زائد افراد آۓ اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کومدینہ ھجرت کر آنے کی دعوت دی کیونکہ اہل مکہ نے ان سے بائیکاٹ کیا اورانہیں تکالیف دے رکھی تھیں ، تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ان سے وعدہ فرمایا کہ میں تم سے ایام تشریق کی کسی رات عقبہ کے پاس ملوں گا ۔

 

  • جب رات کا تیسرا حصہ گذر گيا تووہ وعدہ کی جگہ پرآۓ تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کواپنے چجا عباس رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کے ساتھ موجود پایا عباس رضي اللہ تعالی اس وقت مسلمان تونہیں ہوۓ تھے لیکن ان کی خواہش تھی کہ وہ بھتیجے کے اس معاملے میں ان ساتھ لازمی رہیں ، توعباس رضی اللہ تعالی عنہ نے اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے بھی اوراسی طرح قوم نے بھی اچھی بات چیت کی ، پھر انہوں نے اس پر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی بیعت کی کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مدینہ ھجرت کریں تو وہ ان کی مدد اوران کا دفاع کریں گے تو انہیں جنت ملے گی توہر ایک نے اس پربیعت کی اوراس کے بعد وہاں سے چلے گۓ ۔
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‘اس کے بعد پھر قریش کو اس کا علم ہوا توانہوں نے انہیں پکڑنے کے لیےان کا پیچھا کیا لیکن اللہ تعالی نے انہیں نجات دی اوررسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کچھ مدت تک مکہ میں رہے ۔

فرمان باری تعالی ہے :

اوریقینا اللہ تعالی بھی اس کی مدد و نصرت کرے گا جواس کی مدد کرتا ہے بلاشبہ اللہ تعالی قوی اورغالب ہے 

 الحج ( 40 ) ۔

پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اپنے صحابہ کومدینہ ھجرت کرنے کا حکم دیا توانہوں نے ھجرت کی لیکن کچھ کومکہ کے مشرکوں نے روک دیا ، اورپھر مکہ میں صرف نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اورابوبکر ، علی رضی اللہ تعالی عنہ باقی بچے جب اہل مکہ کوصحابہ کرام کی ھجرت کا علم ہوا تووہ اس سے خوفزدہ ہوۓ کہ اب نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بھی ان کے ساتھ جا ملیں گے لھذا انہوں نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوقتل کرنے کی سازش تیار کی ، تواللہ تعالی نے جبریل علیہ السلام کو بیھج کر اس کی خـبر کردی تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے علی رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کو حکم دیا کہ وہ ان کے بستر پررات گزاریں اوران امانتوں کوجو نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاس تھیں واپس لوٹائيں ۔
  • تواس طرح مشرکین نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے دروازے پرکھڑے پہرہ دیتے رہے تا کہ انہیں قتل کیا جاۓ اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ان کے درمیان سے ہی نکل کرابوبکر رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کے گھر پہنچے تواس طرح اللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوان کی مکروفریب اورسازشوں سے محفوظ رکھا ، اللہ تعالی نے اسی کی طرف اشارہ کرتے ہوۓ فرمایا :

اورجب کافرآپ کے خلاف سازشیں کررہے تھے کہ آپ کوقید کردیں یا پھرقتل کردیں اوریاجلاوطن کردیں وہ توسازشیں کررہیں ہیں اوراللہ تعالی بھی تدبیرکررہا ہے اوراللہ تعالی سب سے بہتر تدبیرکرنے والا ہے

  الانفال ( 30 ) ۔

  • پھرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مدینہ کی طرف ھجرت کا عزم کیا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اورابوبکر رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ غارثور کی طرف جانکلے اوراس میں تین راتیں ٹھرے اورعبداللہ بن ابی اریقط کواجرت دے کر حاصل کیا تا کہ وہ انہیں راستہ بتاۓ جو کہ اس وقت مشرک تھا اپنی دونوں سواریاں بھی اس کے سپرد کردیں ۔

 

  • تواس طرح قریش میں کھلبلی مچ گئ کہ یہ کیا ہوا انہوں نے ہرجگہ تلاش کیا لیکن اللہ تعالی نے ان کی حفاظت فرمائ اورکفار سے محفوظ رکھا جب تلاش ٹھنڈی پڑ گئ تووہ دونوں مدینہ کی طرف چل نکلے جب قریش پرمایوسی چھا گئ توانہوں نے انعام کا اعلان کہ جو بھی ان دونو ں یا کسی ایک کو پکڑ لاۓ اسے دو سو اونٹ دیے جائيں گے تولوگ مدینہ کے راہ پر انہیں تلاش کرنے لگے ، سراقہ بن مالک کو علم ہوا جوکہ مشرک تھا تو اس نے انہیں پکڑنے کی کوشش کی تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اس کے خلاف دعا کی جس پراس کا گھوڑا گھٹنوں تک زمین میں دھنس گیا تواسے علم ہوگياکہ انہیں پکڑا نہیں جاسکتا تواس نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم سے دعا کی اپیل کی اورکہا کہ میں انہیں کوئ نقصان نہیں پہنچاؤں گا اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے دعافرمائ توسراقہ واپس آگیا اوردوسروں کو بھی روکنے لگا پھر فتح مکہ کے بعدسراقہ بن مالک رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ مسلمان ہوگۓ ۔

 

  • جب نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مدینہ پہنچے تومسلمانوں کوان کے آنے کی بہت زيادہ خوشی ہوئ اورانہوں نے نعرہ تکبیر بلند کیا اورمردوں اورعورتوں اوربچوں خوشی اورفرحت سے نے ان کا استقبال کیا نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم قباء میں ٹھرے اوروہاں پرمسلمانوں کے ساتھ مل کر مسجد قبا کی بنیاد رکھی اوروہاں دس راتوں سے زیادہ قیام فرمایا پھر جمعہ کے دن وہاں سےسوار ہوکر مدینہ کا رخ کیا اورنماز جمعہ بنوسالم بن عوف میں پڑھائ پھر اپنی اونٹنی پرسوار ہوکر مدینہ میں داخل ہوۓ‎ تولوگوں نے انہیں گھیررکھا اوراونٹنی کی لگام پکڑے ہوۓ تھے تا کہ وہ ان کے پاس ٹھریں ، نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ہرایک سے یہی کہتے جا رہے تھے اسے چھور دو یہ اللہ کے حکم کی تابع ہے حتی کہ اونٹنی جس جگہ پرآج مسجد نبوی ہے پر بیٹھ گئ ۔

 

  • اوراس طرح اللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوایسے موقع فراہم کیا کہ آپ اپنے مامووں کے پاس مسجد کے قریب رہائش پذیرہوں تو نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نےابوایوب انصاری رضی اللہ تعالی عنہ کے گھرمیں قیام فرمایا ، پھر رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مکہ سے اپنے اہل عیال اوربیٹیوں اورابوبکر رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کے گھروالوں کومدینہ لانے کے لیے کچھ صحابہ کوروانہ کیا ۔

 

  • پھرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اورمسلمان اس جگہ پرجہاں اونٹنی بیٹھی تھی مسجد نبوی بنانےمیں مشغول ہوۓ اورمسجد کا قبلہ بیت المقد س بنایا اورکھجور کے تنوں کوستون اورچھت کھجور کی ٹہنیوں کی بنائ ، پھربعد میں کچھ مہینوں بعدتحویل قبلہ ہوا تونماز بیت المقدس کی بجاۓ بیت اللہ کی جانب منہ کرکے پڑھی جانے لگی ۔

 

  • پھرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے انصار اورمھاجرین کے درمیان مؤاخات قائم کی جوکہ مؤاخات مدینہ کے نام سے معروف ہے ، اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے یھودیوں کے ساتھ مصالحت کی اوراس پرایک معاھدہ لکھا جس میں صلح اورمدینہ کا دفاع شامل تھا ، اوریھودیوں کے عالم عبداللہ بن سلام رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ مسلمان ہوگۓ لیکن عام یھودیوں نے اسلام لانے سے انکار کیا اوراسی سال نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے عائشہ رضي اللہ تعالی عنہا سے شادی کی ۔

 

  • اورھجرت کے دوسرے سال اذان مشروع ہوئ اور اللہ تعالی نے بیت اللہ کی طرف قبلہ کردیا اوررمضان کے روزے فرض کیے گۓ ۔
اورجب نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مدینہ میں استقرار حاصل کرلیا اوراللہ تعالی نے اپنی مدد ونصرت سے تائيد فرمائ اورمھاجرین وانصار نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے گرد جمع ہوگۓ اوردلوں میں الفت ومحبت پیداہوکر دل جمع ہوگۓ تودشمان اسلام یھودیوں منافقوں اورمشرکوں نے یک سو ہوکر ایک ہی کمان سے تیرو تفنگ چلانے شروع کردیے اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کواذیت اورتکلیف اورلڑائ کی دعوت دینے لگے تواللہ تعالی انہیں صبر اوردرگزراور مہربانی کرنے کا حکم دیتا رہا لیکن جب ان کے ظلم و ستم میں اضافہ ہوا تواللہ تعالی نے بھی مسلمانوں کولڑآئ اورجہاد کی اجازت دیتے ہوۓ یہ فرمان نازل فرمایا جس کا ترجمہ کچھ اس طرح ہے :

ان ( مسلمانوں ) لوگوں کوجن سے لڑآئ کی جارہی ہے انہیں بھی مقابلہ کرنے کی اجازت دی جاتی ہے کیونکہ وہ مظلوم ہیں بلاشبہ اللہ تعالی ان کی مدد کرنے پر قادر ہے

  الحج ( 39 ) ۔

پھر اللہ تعالی نے ان مسلمان کوپرقتال فرض کردیا کہ جو بھی ان سے قتال کرے اس سے لڑائ کرنا فرض ہے :

اللہ تعالی کے راہ میں ان لوگوں سے لڑو جوتم سے لڑتے ہیں اورزیادتی نہ کرو بلاشبہ اللہ تعالی زيادتی کرنے والوں کوپسند نہیں کرتا  البقرۃ ( 190 ) ۔

پھراللہ تعالی نے مسلمانوں پر سب مشرکوں سے قتال فرض کردیا فرمان باری تعالی ہے :

اورتم تمام مشرکوں سے جھاد کرو جس طرح وہ تم سب سے لڑتے ہیں  التوبـۃ ( 36 ) ۔

تواس طرح رسول اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اور صحابہ کرام دعوت الی اللہ اورجھاد فی سبیل اللہ کے ذریعے حد سے تجاوز کرنے والوں کی سازشوں اورمظلوم لوگوں سے ظلم کوختم کرنے لگے تواللہ تعالی نے ان کی مدد ونصرت فرمائ حتی کہ سارے کا سارا دین اللہ ہی کا ہوجاۓ ۔
  • تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے رمضان دوھجری میدان بدرکے میں مشرکوں سے جنگ کی تو اللہ تعالی نے مدد فرمائ اورمشرکوں کی کمر ٹوٹ گئ ، اورتین ھجری میں بنوقینقاع کے یھودیوں نے غداری اورمعاھدہ کی خلاف ورزی کرتے ہوۓ ایک مسلمان کوقتل کردیا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے انہیں مدینہ سے شام کی طرف جلاوطن کردیا ۔

 

  • پھرقریش نے بدرمیں اپنے مقتولین کا بدلے لینے کے لیے شوال تین ھجری میں مدینہ کے قریب میدان احد میں پڑاو کیا اور دوران جنگ تیراندازوں نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی نافرمانی کی جس کی بنا پرمسلمانوں کی مدد اورنصرت مکمل نہ ہوسکی اورمشرکین مکہ کی بھاگ نکلے اورمدینہ میں داخل نہ ہوسکے ۔

 

  • پھر بنونضیر کے یھودیوں نے معاھدہ توڑا اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پر ایک بڑا سا پتھر پھینک کر انہیں قتل کرنے کی کوشش کی تواللہ تعالی نے نجات دی بعدمیں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے چار ھجری میں ان کا محاصرہ کرکے انہیں خیبر کی طرف جلا وطن کردیا ۔

 

  • پانچ ھجری میں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے بنومصطلق کی دشمنی ختم کرنے کے لیے ان پرچڑھائ کردی تواللہ تعالی نے ان کی مدد فرمائ اوران کے مال کوغنیمت اورانہیں قیدی بنایا ۔

 

  • پھر اس کے بعد یھودیوں کے زعماء نے مختلف قبائل اورگروہوں کومسلمانوں کے خلاف اکٹھا کیا تا کہ اسلام کو اس کے گھرمیں ہی ختم کردیا جاۓ تومدینہ کے گرد مشرک ، حبشی ، اورغطفان کے یھودی اکٹھے ہوگۓ تواللہ تعالی نے ان کی سازشوں کونیست ونابود کے اپنے رسول صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کی مدد و نصرت فرمائ اسی کے بارہ میں فرمان باری تعالی ہے :

اوراللہ تعالی نے کافروں کوغصے میں بھرے ہوۓ ہی ( نامراد ) واپس لوٹا دیا انہوں نے کوئ فائدہ نہیں پایا اور اس جنگ اللہ تعالی خود ہی مومنوں کوکافی ہوگيا اللہ تعالی بڑي قوتوں والا اور غالب ہے  الاحزاب ( 25 ) ۔

  • پھرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے بنوقریظہ کا بھی ان کی غداری اورمعاھدہ توڑنے کی بنا پرمحاصرہ کیا تواللہ تعالی نے مدد فرمائ اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے مردوں کوقتل اوراولاد کوغلام اورمال کوغنیمت بنا لیا ۔

اورچھ ھجری میں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے بیت اللہ کی زيارت اورطواف کا قصد کیا لیکن مشرکوں نے انہیں روک دیا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے حدیبیہ کے مقام پر دس سال تک لڑائ نہ کرنے پر صلح کی تا کہ اس میں لوگ امن حاصل کریں اورجوکچھ چاہیں اختیار کریں تواس کی بنا پرلوگ فوج درفوج اسلام میں داخل ہوۓ ۔

سات ھجری می‍ں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے خیبر پرچڑھائ کردی تا کہ یھودی کا قلع قمع کیا جاسکے جنہوں نے مسلمانوں کا جینا دوبھر کررکھا تھا توان کا بھی محاصرہ کیا اوراللہ تعالی کی مدد سے مال ودولت اورزمین غنیمت میں حاصل ہوا ، اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے پوری دنیامیں بادشاہوں کو خطوط لکھ کر اسلام کی دعوت دی ۔

آٹھ ھجری ميں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے زید بن حارثہ کی قیادت میں ایک لشکر ترتیب دے کر حد سے تجاوز کرنے والوں کی سرکوبی کے ليے روانہ کیا لیکن رومیوں نے بہت عظیم لشکر جمع کیا اورمسلمانوں کے بڑے بڑے قائد شھید کر دیے گۓ اورباقی مسلمانوں کواللہ تعالی نے ان کے شرسے محفوظ رکھا ۔

اس کے بعد مشرکین مکہ نے معاھدہ توڑدیا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ایک عظیم لشکر لے کے ان کی سرکوبی کے لیے نکلے اورمکہ فتح ہوا توبیت اللہ بتوں اورکافروں سے پاک صاف ہوگیا ۔

پھرشوال آٹھ ھجری میں غزوہ حنین ہوا تاکہ ثقیف اورھوازن کو سبق سکھایا جاۓ تواللہ تعالی نے انہیں شکست سے دوچارکرکے مسلمانوں کو بہت سارے مال غنیمت سے نوازا ، پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے آگے جا کر طائف کا محاصرہ کیا لیکن اللہ کے حکم سے اس کی فتح نہ ہو سکی تواللہ تعالی نے ان کے لیے دعا فرمائ اوروہاں سے چل پڑے تواہل طائف بعد میں مسلمان ہوگۓ ، پھرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم واپس آۓ اور مال غنیمت تقسیم کیا اور عمرہ کرنے کے بعد مدینہ کی طرف واپس نکل کھڑے ہوۓ ۔

نوھجری کوسخت تنگ دستی اورشدید قسم کی گرمی کے موسم میں غزوہ تبوک ہوا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم دشمن کی سرکوبی کے لیے تبوک کی طرف رواں دواں ہوۓ اوروہاں پہنچ کرپڑاؤ کیا اورکسی سازش کا سامنا نہیں کرنا پڑا اوربعض قبائل کے ساتھ مصالحت ہوئ اورمال غنیمت لے کر مدینہ کی طرف واپس پلٹے ، تواس طرح غزوہ تبوک نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا آخری غزوہ ہے جس میں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے خود بنفس نفیس شرکت فرمائ ۔

اوراسی سال قبائل کے وفود نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے پاس آۓ اوراسلام میں داخل ہوتے گۓ جن میں وفد بنی تمیم ، وفد طئ ، وفد عبدالقیس ، اوروفد بنوحنیفہ شامل ہیں جو سب کے سب مسلمان ہوگۓ ۔

پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ابوبکررضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کواس سال حج کا امیر بنا کر لوگوں کے ساتھ روانہ کیا اوران کے ساتھ علی رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کوبھی روانہ کیا اورانہیں کہا کہ وہ لوگوں پرسورۃ البراۃ کی تلاوت کریں تا کہ مشرکوں سے برات ہوسکے ، اورانہیں یہ حکم دیا کہ وہ لوگوں میں اعلان کردیں ، توعلی رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ نے یوم النحر ( عیدالاضحی کے دن ) کویہ کہا :

( ہے لوگو کوئ بھی کافر جنت میں نہیں داخل ہوسکتا اوراس سال کے بعدکوئ بھی مشرک حج کے لیے نہیں آسکتا اورنہ ہی بیت کا طواف ننگے ہوکر کیا جاۓ اورنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے ساتھ جس کا بھی کوئ معاھدہ ہے وہ اپنی مدت تک رہے گا ) ۔

 

عرفات میں ایک عظیم اورجامع خطبہ ارشاد فرمایا جس میں عادلانہ اسلامی احکامات مقرر کرتے ہوۓ فرمایا:

دس ھجری کونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے حج کا عزم کیا اورلوگوں کوبھی اس کی دعوت دی تومدینہ وغیرہ سے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے ساتھ بہت سے خلقت حج کے لیے نکلی تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے ذی الحلیفہ سے احرام باندھا اورذی الحجہ کے مہینہ میں مکہ پہنچے اور طواف ، سعی اورلوگوں کو مناسک حج سکھاۓ اورعرفات میں ایک عظیم اورجامع خطبہ ارشاد فرمایا جس میں عادلانہ اسلامی احکامات مقرر کرتے ہوۓ فرمایا:

( لوگو میری بات سنو مجھے علم نہیں ہوسکتا ہے کہ میں آئندہ برس تم سے نہ مل سکوں ، لوگو بلاشبہ تمہارا مال اورخون اورعزت تم پراسی طرح حرام ہے جس طرح کہ آج کا یہ دن اور یہ مہینہ اورتمہارا یہ شہر حرام ہے ، خبردار جاہلیت کے سارے امور میرے قدموں کے نیچے ہيں اوراسی طرح جاھلیت کا خون بھی ختم اورسب سے پہلا جوخون معاف کیا جاتا ہے وہ ابن ربیعہ بن حارث کا خون ہے جس نے بنو سعد میں دودھ پیا تھا تواسے ھذیل نے قتل کردیا میں اسے معاف کرتا ہوں ۔

اورجاہلیت کا سود بھی ختم ہے اورسب سے پہلا جو سود ختم کرتا ہوں وہ عباس بن عبدالمطلب کا سود ہے بلاشبہ یہ سب کا سب ختم کردیا گيا ہے ، تم عورتوں کے بارہ میں اللہ تعالی سے ڈرتے رہو اس لیے کہ تم نے انہیں اللہ تعالی کی امان سے حاصل کیا ہے اوران کی شرمگاہوں کوتم نے اللہ تعالی کے کلمہ سے حلال کیا ہے ۔

اوران عورتوں پرتمہارا حق یہ ہے کہ جسے تم ناپسند کرتے ہووہ تمہارا بستر نہ روندے ، اوراگر وہ یہ کام کریں توتم انہیں ایسی مار ماروجو کہ زخمی نہ کرے اورہڈی نہ توڑے اور تم پر ان کا کھانے پینے اورلباس اوررہائش کا اچھے طریقے سے انتظام کرنا ہے ۔

اورمیں تم میں وہ چھوڑ رہا ہوں اگر تم اسے تھامے رکھوگے تو گمراہ نہيں ہوسکتے وہ کتاب اللہ ہے ، اورتم سے میرے بارہ میں سوال ہوگا تو تم کیا کہوگے ؟

صحابہ نے جواب دیا ہے ہم اس کی گواہی دیتے ہیں کہ آپ نے یقینی طور پرپہنچا دیااورتبلیغ کردی اوران کا حق ادا کردیا اورپھرآپ نے نصیحت بھی کردی تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم اپنی انگشت شہادت آسمان کی طرف اٹھا کر کہنے لگے اوراسے لوگو کی طرف بھی کررہے تھے اے اللہ گواہ رہ اے اللہ گواہ رہ یہ تین بار کہا ) ۔

اورجب اللہ تعالی نے دین اسلام کومکمل کردیا اوراس کے اصول مقرر کردیے توعرفات میں اللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پریہ فرمان نازل کیا :

آج ميں نے تہارے دین کو کامل کردیا ہے اور تم پراپنا انعام تمام کردیا ہے اورتمہارے لیے اسلام کے دین کے ہونے پر راضی ہوگیا ہوں  الما‏ئدۃ ( 3 ) ۔

اوراس حج کوحجۃ الوداع کا نام دیا جاتا ہے اس لیے کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے اس حج کے موقع پرلوگوں الوداع کہا اوراس کے بعد آپ نے کوئ اورحج نہیں کیا پھر حج سے فارغ ہونے کے بعد نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم مدینہ واپس تشریف لے آۓ ۔

گیارہ ھجری صفر کے مہینہ میں نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسملم کومرض شروع ہوا توجب مرض شدت اختیارکرگياتونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسملم نے ابوبکررضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کوحکم دیا کہ وہ لوگوں کونماز پڑھائيں ۔

اورربیع الاول میں مرض اورشدت اختیارکرگیا تونبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بار12 ربیع الاول بروز سوموارچاشت کے وقت رفیق اعلی سے جاملے انا للہ وانا الیہ راجعون ، اس سے مسلمانوں کوبہت ہی زيادہ غم وحزن پہنچا پھر نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کو منگل والے دن بدھ کی رات غسل دیا گيا اورمسلمانوں نے ان کی نماز جنازہ پڑھی اورعائشہ رضی اللہ تعالی عنہا کے حجرہ میں دفن کردیاگیا نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم تواس دنیا سے جاچکے لیکن ان کا دین قیامت تک باقی رہے گا ۔

پھرمسلمانوں نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے صحابی غار اورھجرت میں ان کے رفیق ابوبکرصدیق رضي اللہ تعالی عنہ کوخلیفہ چنا اوران کے بعد مسند خلافت پرعمربن خطاب اورپھر عثمان غنی اوران کے بعد علی رضي اللہ تعالی عنہم اجمعین خلیفہ بنے ، اورانہیں خلفاء راشدا کانام دیا جاتا ہے اوریہی خلفاء راشدین المھدیین ہيں ۔

اللہ تعالی نے اپنے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پر بہت ساری نمعتوں کے ساتھ احسان کیا ہے اورانہیں اخلاق کریمہ کی وصیت اوردرس دیا جس طرح کہ اللہ تبارک وتعالی کا فرمان ہے :

کیا اس نے آپ کویتیم پاکر جگہ نہیں دی ؟ اورتجھے راہ سے بھولا ہوا پاکرھدایت نہیں دی ؟ اورتجھے نادار پاکر تونگر نہیں بنایا ؟ پس یتیم پرتو بھی سختی نہ کیا کر ، اورنہ سوال کرنے والے کوڈانٹ ڈپٹ ، اور اپنے رب کی نعمتوں کوبیان کرتا رہ  الضحی ( 6 – 11 ) ۔

اللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم میں ایسے اخلاق عظیمہ سے نوازا جو کہ ان کےعلاوہ کسی اورمیں نہیں پاۓ جاتے حتی کہ اس کی تعریف رب العزت نے کچھ اس طرح فرمائ ہے :

اوربلاشبہ آّپ توخلق عظیم کے مالک ہيں  القلم ( 4 ) ۔

تواس اخلاق کریمہ اورصفات حمیدہ کی بنا پرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے لوگو کے دلوں میں اپنے رب کے حکم سے الفت ومحبت ڈال دی اللہ سبحانہ وتعالی کا فرمان ہے :

اللہ تعالی کی رحمت کے با‏عث آّپ ان پر نرم دل ہیں اوراگر آپ بدزبان اورسخت دل ہوتے تویہ سب آپ کے پاس سے دورچلے جاتے توآّپ ان سے درگزر کریں اوران کے لیے استغفار کریں پھرجب آپ کا پختہ ارادہ ہوجاۓ تو اللہ تعالی پربھروسہ کریں بلا شبہ اللہ تعالی توکل کرنے والوں سے محبت کرتا ہے  آل عمران ( 159 ) ۔

اوراللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوسب لوگوں کی طرف رسول بناکرمبعوث کیا اوران پرقرآن مجید نازل فرماکر دعوت الی کا حکم دیا جیسا کہ اللہ تعالی نے اپنے اس فرمان میں فرمایا ہے :

اے نبی (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) یقینا ہم نے آّپ کو (رسول بنا کر) گواہیاں دینے والا ، خوشخبریاں سنانےوالا اورآگاہ کرنے والا بھیجا ہے ، اوراللہ تعالی کے حکم سے اس کی طرف بلانے والا روشن چراغ  الاحزاب ( 45 – 46 ) ۔

اللہ تعالی نے نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کودوسرے انبیاء پرچھ فضائل سے نوازا ہے جس طرح کہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کا فرمان ہے :

( مجھے دوسرے انبیاء پرچھ چيزوں کے ساتھ فضیلت دی گئ ہے ، مجھے جوامع الکلم دیے گۓ ہیں ، اورمیری رعب و دبدبہ کے ساتھ مدد کی گئ ہے ، اورمیرے لیے غنیمت حلال کی گئ ہے ، اورمیرے لیے زمین پاک اورمسجد بنائ گئ ہے ، اور میں سب لوگوں کی طرف رسول بنا کر بھیجا گيا ہوں ، اور میرے ساتھ نبوت کا خاتمہ کیا گيا ہے ) صحیح مسلم حدیث نمبر ( 523 ) ۔

تواس لیے سب لوگوں پرواجب ہے کہ وہ نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پرایمان لائيں اوران کی شریعت کی اتباع کریں تا کہ انہیں جنت میں داخلہ مل سکے فرمان باری تعالی ہے :

اورجواللہ تعالی کی اوراس کے رسول ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) کی اطاعت کرے گا اسےاللہ تعالی جنتوں میں لے جاۓ گا جن کے نیچے سے نہریں بہہ رہی ہیں جن میں وہ ہمیشہ رہیں گے اور یہ بہت ہی بڑی عظیم کامیابی ہے

  النساء ( 13 ) ۔

اہل کتاب میں سے جوبھی نبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پرایمان لاۓ اللہ تعالی نے اس کی تعریف کی اوراسے اجرعظیم کی خوشخبری سنائ ہے جس طرح کہ اس فرمان میں ہے :

جن کو ہم نے اس سے پہلے کتاب عنائت فرمائ وہ اس پربھی ایمان رکھتے ہیں ، اورجب اس کی آيات ان کے پاس پڑھی جاتي ہیں تووہ کہہ دیتے ہیں کہ ہمارا ایمان ہے کہ یہ ہمارے رب کی طرف سے حق ہیں تم تو اس سے پہلے ہی مسلمان ہیں ، یہ اپنے کیے ہوۓ صبر کے بدلے میں دوہرا اجر دیۓ جائيں گے ، یہ نیکی سے بدی کوٹال دیتے ہیں اورہم نے انہیں جوکچھ دے رکھا ہے اس میں سے خرچ کرتے رہتے ہیں  القصص ( 52- 54 ) ۔

اورنبی مکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا :

( تین قسم کے لوگوں کودوہرا اجر دیا جاۓ گا ، اہل کتاب میں سے وہ شخص جو اپنے نبی پرایمان لایا اورنبی محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کوپایا توان پربھی ایمان لایا اوراس کی اتباع اورتصدیق کی تواسے درہرا اجر ہے ۔ الخ ) ۔

اورجوبھی محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم پر ایمان نہیں لاتا وہ کافر ہے ، اورکافر کی سزا جہنم ہے جس طرح کہ اللہ تعالی نے فرمایا :

اورجوبھی اللہ تعالی اوراس کے رسول ( صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم ) پرایمان نہیں رکھتا توہم نے بھی ایسے کافروں کے لیے دہکتی ہوئ آگ تیار کررکھی ہے  الفتح ( 13 ) ۔

اورنبی مکرم صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم نے فرمایا ہے :

( اس ذات کی قسم جس کے ہاتھ میں محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے جان ہے کسی نصرانی اوریھودی تک میری دعوت پہنچے اوروہ اس پرایمان نہ لاۓ جو مجھے دے کر بھیجا گيا ہے اوروہ اسی حالت میں مرجاۓ توجہنمی ہے ) صحیح مسلم حدیث نمبر ( 154 ) ۔

اورپھرنبی صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم بھی ایک بشر اورانسان ہیں انہیں غیب کا علم نہ.

 

 

REFERENCE:
https://islamqa.info/ur/answers/11575/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81-%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81-%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85

 

 

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