Imam Tabrani (رحمتہ اللہ)

Imam Tabrani ؒ ke mukhtasar halaat-e-zindagi

Naam-o-nasab aur nisbat:

Aap ؒ ka naam Suleiman, Kuniyat Abul Qasim aur silsila-e-nasab yeh hai: Suleiman bin Ahmed bin Ayyub bin Muteer.

Wiladat:

Aap ؒ Maah-e-Safar 260 Hijri main paida huye[1]

Khandan:

Aap ؒ ka Qabeela Lakham se nisbi talluq tha, is liye Lakhmi kehlate the. Lakham darasal Yaman ka ek Qabeela hai, is ki ek shaakh Shaam main abaad ho gayi thi. Imam Sahab ke walid buzurgwar ko ilm-o-fan se bari dilchaspi thi, is liye woh apne farzand ko bhi ilm ki tehseel-o-takmeel ki talqeen karte rehte the.

Watan:

In ka asli watan Tabriya hai magar aakhir umar main unhon ne Asbahan main mustaqil sukoonat ikhhtiyar karli thi. Tabriya ardan ke qareeb waqe’ hai. 13 Hijri mein Sharhabeel bin Hasna ne is ko Islami saltanat ke zer-e-nageen kiya tha, is ki nisbat se woh Tabrani kehlate the. Allama Zahabi raqamtaraz hain ke woh Ikka main paida hue yahan se Tabiya ki musafat do roz main teh hoti thi[2]

Mashayekh Karaam:

Imam Tabrani ne ek hazaar se zayed muhaddiseen se ilm hasil kiya, Aap ؒke baaz mash’hoor mashayekh ke naam yeh hain: Ibrahim bin abi Sufyan Qaisraani, Ibrahim bin Muhammad Arq Hamsi, Ibrahim bin Maveed Sheebani, Abu zuraa Damishqi, Abu Abdul Rehman nisaai, Abu Muslim kaji, Ahmed bin Anas, Ahmed bin abdul Raheem Hauti, Ahmed bin Abdul Qahir, Ahmed bin Mau’ala, Ahmed bin Yahya, Idrees bin Jafar Ata, Ishaq bin Ibrahim Dairi, Abu Ali Ismaeel bin Muhammad bin Qeeraat, Bashar bin Musa, Hassan bin Suhail, Hassan bin Abdul Aalaa Bausi, Hafs bin Umar, Abdullah bin Muhammad bin Saeed bin Abi Maryam, Ali bin Abdul Azeez Baghwi, Abu Khaleefa Fazal bin Habab Hamji, Abu Saeed bin Hashim bin Mursid Tabrani aur Yahya bin Ayyub Alaaf waghairah[3]

[1] Tazkiratul Hafaaz: 2/126 [2] Tazkiratul Hafaaz: 3/126 wagera. [3] Kitabul Nisab Warq 495 wa 366 Ibn-e-Khalqaan: 1/283. Kitab ul Mustazim: 7/54. Maujam ul bildan: 6/ 23-25

Imam Tabrani ؒ ke Talaamizah:

In ke talamizah-o-muntasbeen ki tadaad bhi beshumar hai aur in se istafadah karne walon mein in ke baaz shuyookh bhi shamil hain, baaz talamizah ke naam yeh hain: Ibn-e-Aqdaah, Abu Bakr bin Zohda, Abu Bakr bin Mardwiya, Abu Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Adi Jarjani, Abul hassan bin Qadiya, Abu Umar Muhammad bin Hussain Bistami, Hafiz Abu Naeem Ahmed bin Abdullah, Ahmed bin Muhammad Sahaaf, Hussain Bin Ahmed bin Marzaban, Abdul Rehman bin Ahmed Safa, Abu Bakr Abu Bakr Abdul Rehman bin Ali Zakwani, Abul Fazal Muhammad bin Ahmed Jaarudi, Abu Umar Muhammad bin Husain Bistaami, Muhammad bin Ubaidullah bin Shehriyaar. Imam Tabrani ke halqa faiz se do sahib-e-kamal wuzra bhi wabista the. In main Ibn Ameed Lughat wa Arbiyat aur Shairwad main saraamad rozgar tha. Is ke mutaliq kaha jata hai ke Delmi Hukoomat main Is liyaqat wa Qabiliyat ka koi aur wazeer nahi guzra aur dusra wazeer sahib bin Ibad bhi Mumtaaz Adeeb wa Insha pardaz aur Imam Tabrani ؒ ka shagird aur tarbiyat yaafta tha.

Rehlaat Alamiyaah:

Imam Tabrani ؒ 273 Hijri mein ilm-o-fan ki tehseel main mashghool huye the. Is waqt unki umar 13 baras thi, pehle unhon ne apne watan Tabriya ke Ashaab-e-ilm-o-fazal se istifadah kiya, 274 Hijri mein Quds aur 275 Hijri mein Qaisaariya tashreef le gaye. Is ke baad unhon ne dusre islami mulkon Ehm muqamat aur mash’hoor marakiz hadees ka rukh kiya aur Hams, Jabla, Madaain, Shaam, Makkah Muazzama, Madina Munawwarah, Yaman, Misr, Baghdad, Kufa, Basra, Jazeera, Faaras aur Asbahan waghairah ki taraf tehseel-e-ilm ke liye safar kiya. Asbahan ki markaziyat ki waja se yahin bood-o-baash bhi ikhtiyar karli thi. Ilm ki talaash wa justujoo aur Ahadees ki tehseel mein inko sakht mushkilaat aur pareshaniyon ka saamna karna pada lekin in ke zauq o shauq aur sargarmi wa inhimak mein kabhi kami nahi aayi.

Shah Abdul Azeez ؒ likhte hain:

“30 saal tak unhein bistar par sona naseeb na hua magar wo haraam-o-asaaish ka khayal kiye baghair hadees ki tehseel mein mashghool aur boriya par sote rahe.’’

Sehne padte hain is raah main ranj-o-alam bohot.

Aur baqaul deegar:

“Jo bulandiyon par puhancha us ne raatein jaag kr guzarin.”

Hifz-o-Saqahat:

Hifz-o-Zabt aur saqahat wa Itqaan main inka martaba buland tha. In ke Muasireen fazla aur Kibar muhaddiseen ne inke Hafize aur Saqahat ka aitraaf kiya hai. Ulmaye ser-o-tarajum ne inko Al Hafiz ul Kabeer, Ahad ul Hafaaz, Alhafiz ul ilm, Wasi ul Hifz, Al hujjatah aur Man ul Saqaat ul Sabaat ul Muadileen waghairah likha hai.

★ Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Hamza ka bayan hai ke : “Main ne in se bada koi Hafiz nahi dekha.”

★ Ibn-e-Khalqaan likhte hain ke:  “Woh apne Ahad ke mumtaaz hafiz the.”

★ Allamah Ibn ul Jawzi raqamtaraz hain ke :  “Imam Suleimaan ka Hafiza nihayat Qawi tha”.

★ Sahib bin Ibad in ke Hafize ki quwwat aur yaaddasht ki zyadti ke muatarif the.

★ In ke Sadq-o-Saqahat ke baare main bhi Ulamaye fan ka ittifaq hai, Hafiz Zahabi farmate hain ke woh zabt-o-saqahat aur sadq wa amaanat ke sath bade azeem rutbe aur shaan kay muhaddis the.

★ Ahmed bin mansoor aur Ibn-e-Nasir uddin kehte keh :  “woh siqah the.”

★ Allama Ibn-e-Hajar ne inko sabit wa zabit likha hai.

★ Yafai aur Ibn-e-Imaad tehreer farmaate hain ke : Tabrani siqah wa sadooq aur hadeeson ke ulal, rajaal wa abwaab ke ache waqif kar the.

Hadees main Darjaa:

Imam Tabrani ؒ ilm-o-fazal ke jamai aur fan hadees mein nihayat mumtaz the.

Allama Zahabi ne inhein “Al Imam ul Ulama aur Masand ud Duniya” aur Yafai wa Ibn Imad ne “ Masand ul Asar” likha hai,  Ibn-e-Nasir uddin kehte hain ke woh Masand ul Afaaq the.

Ek dafa Ibn Aqdah se ek Asbahani shakhs ne ek masla daryaft kiya, unhon ne pucha ke tum ne Suleiman bin Ahmed Lakhmi ؒ se Sama’a kiya hai? Usne jawab diya ke main un se waqif nahi, Ibn-e-Aqdah ne hairat se Subhan Allah kaha aur farmaya ke in ke hote huye tum log in se hadeesein nahi sunte aur hum logon ko khwah makhaah diq karte ho main ne Tabrani ka koi maseel aur nazeer nahi dekha.

★ Abu Bakr bin Ali ka bayan hai ke woh bade Wasee ul Ilm the.

Hadees main un ؒ ki wusa’at nazar aur kamal ka andaza is se hota hai ke Ahmed bin Mansoor Sheerzai ne in se 3 lakh hadeesein likhi thi.

★ Hafiz Zahabi ka bayan hai ke hadees ki kasrat aur Alv-e-asnaad mein inki zaat nihayat mumtaaz thi aur hadees mein inki baligh nazri ka puri duniya-e-islam main charcha tha, Shah Abdul Azeez likhte hain k hadees main wusa’at aur kasrat-e-rivayat main woh yakta aur munfarid the.

Fiqhi Mazhab:

Aghlab baat yeh hai ke Imam Tabrani  ka Fiqhi maslak wohi raha jo muhaddiseen aur Aiemma sunnat ka hai, baaz logon ne inhein Shafa’i bataya hai magar yeh baat na durust hai.

Abu Bakar Chughabi se ek dilchasp munazirah:

Imam Tabrani ke ilm-o-fazal aur hadees main azmat-o-kamal ka andaza is munazire se bhi hota hai jo inke aur Abu Bakar Chughabi ke darmiyan hua tha. Sahib bin Ibad bayan karte hain:

Mujhe duniya main wazarat say zyada aur koi cheez marghoob aur azeez na thi aur main is se zyada kisi mansab ko aalaa aur bartar khayal nahi karta tha, kyun ke isi ki badaulat mujhe har tarah ka aizaaz aur har tabqe main maqbooliyat hasil thi lekin ek roz mere saamne mash-hoor muhaddis Abu Bakar Chaghabi aur Abul Qasim Tabrani ؒ main hadees ke baare main ek mubahisa hua, hifz-o-zabt main Tabrani aur zahanat wa fatanat main Chaghabi fayeq maloom hote the. Yeh mubahisa der tak hota raha. Dono taraf se bade josh-o-kharosh ka izhar aur purzor awaazein buland ho rahi thin, isi asnaa main Chaghabi ne kaha mere paas ek hadees aisi hai jo aur kisi ko maloom nahi, Tabrani ne ise bayan karne ke liye kaha to unhon ne farmaya:

“Hum se Abu Khalifa ne hadees bayan ki, unhon ne kaha hum se Suleiman bin Ayyub Abul Qasim ne riwayat ki…”

Tabrani ne kaha janab! Suleiman bin Ayyub to main hi hun aur Abu Khalifa mere shagird hain, agar aap is hadees ko mere waaste se bayan karein to aap ki sanad zyada aali hogi. Is se bechare Abu Bakar bohot nadim huye, inki nidamat aur Tabrani ki fatah wa musarrat dekh kar mujhe khayal hua ke kaash main Tabrani ؒ hota to aaj wahi suroor wa inbisaat aur ghalba wa kamraani jo inhein hasil hui hai mujhe hasil hoti. Yeh manzar dekh kar mere dil se wazarat ki ahmiyat jati rahi kyun ke ilm-o-fazal ki badaulat is se kahin badh kar aizaaz-o-ikraam aur jaah-o-martaba hasil hota hai. Baaz muarrikheen ne sahib bin ibad ki bajaaye Ibn-e-Ameed ki nisbat se yeh waqiya tehreer kiya hai.

Hazrat Shah Abdul Azeez ؒ ne is pr bada dilchasp aur behtareen tabassara farmaya hai. Woh likhte hain:

“Sahib bin ibad ka is qism ki aarzoo wa tamanna karna dar haqeeqat wazarat wa riyasat hi ke asar ka nateeja tha. Warna Ulamaye Rabbani ke andar is tarah ki fatah-o-kamraani ke baad bhi koi ajeeb tabdeeli nahi aati aur na in ki tabiyatein is qism ke waqiyaat say mutaasir hoti hain magar aadmi dusron ko bhi apne hi upar qayas karta hai.”

Deeni Ghairat wa Hamiyat:

Imam Tabrani ؒ main badi deeni ghairat wa hamiyat thi. Ibn-e-Jawzi ka bayan hai ke woh deen ke maamle main nihayat sakht the. Unko sahaba karaam se ghair mamooli mohabbat wa aqeedat thi, is liye unki muzammat aur tanqees gawarah nahi karte the. Baaz musannifeen ka bayan hai ke woh pehli dafa Asbahan tashreef le gaye to Abu Ali Zeenam ne jo zakat wa kharaaj ka aamil tha, unki badi aao bhaghat ki, Imam sahib is ke yahan badabar tashreef le jate the, is ki wafat ke baad is ke larke ne Imam sahib ke liye 500 dirham mahwar wazeefa muqarrar kar diya tha lekin jab us ne Sayyadina Abu Bakar wa Umar R.A. ke baare main mukhalifana aur muandana rawaiyya ikhtiyar kiya to Imam Tabrani ؒ  say sakht aazarda ho gye yahan tak ke is ke yahan aamad-o-raft bhi band kardi.

Is zamane main Qaramta aur Firqa-e-Ismaeeliya ka bada zor-o-asar tha, yeh log muhaddiseen se badi kudoorat aur sakht anaad rakhte the, in logon ne Imam sahib ki deeni maamlaat mein shiddat pasandi ki wajah se in par jaadu karwa diya tha jis ki wajah se un ki basaarat khatam ho gayi thi.

Wafaat:

Imam Tabrani ؒ ne baroz Shunba 28 zil qadah 360 Hijri ko 100 saal ki umar main inteqaal farmaya aur ek sahabi Rasool Hazrat Hamdosi ke mazar ke pehlu main dafan kiye gaye. Hafiz Abu Naeem Asbahani ne Namaz-e-Janaza padhai.

Tasaneef:

Imam Tabrani ؒ kaseerul tasaneef the lekin qadeem musannifeen ki tarah inki bhi aksar kitabein mehfooz nahi. Zel main inki tasaneef ke naam aur baaz ke mutaliq mukhtasir maloomat darj hain.

1. Kitabul Awail
2. Kitabul Tafseer
3. Kitab ul Manasik
4. Kitabul Ushratun nisaa
5. Kitabul sunnah
6. Kitab ut Tawalaat
7. Kitabul Nawadir
8. Kitab Dalail Nabuwwah
9. Kitab masand Shauba
10. Kitab Masand Sufiyan
11. Kitab Hadeesul shamiyeen
12. Kutab ul Rami
13. Masandul Ushrah
14. Ma’arfat ul Sahaba
15. Fawaid Ma’arfat ul Sahaba
16. Masand Abi Hurairah ؒ
17. Masand Ayesha ؒ
18. Hadees ul aamish
19. Hadees ul wazaii
20. Hadees Sheeban
21. Hadees Ayub
22. Masand Abi Zar ؒ
23. Kitabul royaa
24. Kitab ul Jood
25. Al Mualimul Alwiya
26. Fazal Ramadan
27. Kitabul Faraiz
28. Kital ul Rad Ali Al mautazala
29. Kitab ul Rad Ali Jaheemiyah
30. Makaram Akhlaq ul Azaa
31. As Salat ul Alar Rasool SAWW
32. Kitab ul Mamoon
33. Kitab ul Ghusal
34. Kitab fazal ul Ilm
35. Kitab zam al raya
36. Kitab Tafseer ul Hasan
37. Kitab Zahri An Anas
38. Kitab Ibn ul munkad Raan Jabir
39. Masand Abi Ishaq ul Sabeeii
40. Hadees Yahya Bin abi Kaseer
41. Hadees Malik bin abi deenar
42. Kitab Maarvi ul Hassan an annas
43. Hadees rabiya
44. Hadees Hamza tu Zayaat
45. Hadees masa’ar
46. Hadees Abi Saad ul baqaal
47. Tarq Hadees Man Kazab Ali
48. Kitab ul Nooh
49. Masand Abi Jahada
50. Kitab man Isma Ataa
51. Kitab man ismaa shoba
52. Kitab Akhbar Umar bin Abdul Azeez ؒ
53. Kitab Akhbar bin Abdul Azeez rafee
54. Masand Rooh Ibn al Qasim 
55. Kitab fazal Akarma
56. Kitab ummahat un Nabi
57. Masand Ammara bin Ghazya
58. Masand Talha bin Masraf wa Jamaata
59. Masand Ibaadala
60. Ahadees Abi Umr-o-bin Alaa
61. Kitab Gharaib Maalik
62. Jazwabaan bin taghlab
63. Jaza Harees Ibn Abi Matar
64. Wasiyyata Abi Huraira ؒ
65. Masand ul Haris ul Akli
66. Fazail ul Arba’atu Rashideen
67. Masand Ibn-e-Ajlan
68. Kitab ul Ashraba
69. Kitabul Tahara
70. Kitabul Amara
71. Masand Abi Ayyub ul Afreeqi
72. Masand Zayadul Jasas
73. Masand Zafir
74. Hadees Shoba
75. Kitab man Asma Ibaad
76. Kitab ul Dua

Mua’ajim Salasa:

Imam Tabrani ؒ ne muajim main 3 kitabein likhin. Yeh inki mashhoor-o-maroof tasaneef hain jo ilm-e-hadees ki buland paya kitabein samjhi jati hain. Shah Waliullah Dehalvi ne inko Hadees ke teesre tabqe ki kitabon mein shamil kiya hai. Inki badaulat Imam Tabrani ؒ ko lazawaal shohrat mili.

REFERENCE:

Book: “Mu’ajam Al sagheer” (Urdu)

Tarjamah: “Abdus samad riyalwi”