30. Imam Abu Awanah [Musnad][D: 313]

Imam Abu Awanah (رحمة الله)

 

Naam-o-Nasab:

 

Yaqub naam, Abu Awanah Kuniyat aur silsila-e-nasab ye hai: Yaqub bin Ishaq bin Ibrahim bin Yazeed. Baaz ahle seer ne Yazeed ke bajaye zaid likha hai.

 

Watan:

 

Vo Isfarayen ke bashndy  thay. Lekin akhir umar mein Nishapoor mein sukoonat ikhtiyar kar li thi, isliye Isfarayeni aur Nishapoori donon nisbaton se mash hoor hain, Isfarayen nawahi Nishapoor mein zarkhez aur shadab sheher tha, qadeem zamana mein uska naam meharjaan tha, is sheher ki janib Ulama wa ay’aan ki aik kaseer jamaat mansoob hai, Sama’anin ka bayan hai ki qadeem aur jadeed har daur mein jumla fanoon ke mahireen aur Ulama aur fuzla ki aik jama’at yahan paida hui, unmein Abu Awanah bhi hain.

 

Asaatzah:

 

Abu Awanah ke shuyookh-o-asaatzah ki tadaad be shumaar hai, unme se aksar bade namoor aur Kamil ul fan hain, baaz shuyookh ke naam ye hain:

Abu Hatim, Abu Zur’a, Ahmad bin Azhar, Ahmad bin Sayyad Darimi, Ismail bin Muhammad bin Qeeraat, Hasan Zaafraani, Saad bin Abdul hakam, Saadaan bin Nasr, Ali bin Askaab, Ali bin Harab, Umar bin Shayba, Muhammad bin Raja Sandi, Muhammad bin Abdul hakam, Muhammad bin Yahya zahli, Muslim bin Hujjaj Qushairi, Yazeed bin Muhammad bin Abdul Samad, Yaqub bin Sufyan aur Yunus bin Abdul A’ala waghairah se Ilm hadees ki aur Imam Shafi’i kay Arshad talamizah Abu Ibrahim Muzni aur Rabee’ bin Sulaiman se Fiqh mein takmeel baham pohchayi.

 

Talamizah:

 

Unke talamizah aur mustafaidain ka halq thia bhi bada wasee hai, unme se chand ke naam ye hain:

• Abu Ahmad Ali,
• Abu Bakar Ismaili,
• Abu Ali Nishapoori,
• Abul Waleed Faqeeh,
• Ahmad bin Ali raazi,
• Hussain bin Ali,
• Sulaiman Tabrani,
• Abdullah bin Adee,
• Abdul Malik bin Hasan Esfarayeni waghairah.

 

Talab hadees ke liye safar:

 

Abu Awanah ne Ilm hadees ki talab wa justajoo mein mutaddad maqamat ke safar kiye, is haisiyat se bhi vo dusray muhaddiseen mein mumtaz hain, unse zyada kisi aur ke safar ki tafseel nahi milti, Allama Sama’ani ka bayan hai ki “Abu Awanah ne talab hadees ke liye safar kiye aur iske jama karne aur uski tehreer-o-kitabat mein badi mashaqqat uthayi” Hakim ka bayan hai ki, “Vo kaseer ul asfaar thay aur unhone Ahadees ki tehseel ka liye roye zameen ka gosha gosha chhan daala” Ibn Khalqaan ka bayan hai ki: vo un huffaz aur muhaddiseen mein thay jinhone bade safar kiye aur ba kasrat hadeesein jama ki.

Muarrikheen aur ashaab-e-ser ka bayan hai ki unhone Khurasaan, Iraq, Yaman, Hijaz, Shaam, Jazeerah, Faras, Asfahaan, Saghur, Ri, Waasit, Basrah aur Kufa waghairah mukhtalif mulkon aur shehron ka tehseel Ilm aur talab hadees ke liye safar kiya.

 

Hifz-o-saqaahat:

 

Unka haafiza be-misaal tha, Ulama-e-fan ne unko Al Hafiz Al Kabeer Al Jaleel, Ahadul Hafiz, Ahad Huffaaz Al duniya aur man akaabir huffazul hadees likha hai aur Siqah Jaleel aur Siqah tak Kabeer waghairah ke alfaaz mein unki tauseeq ki hai.

 

Aitraaf kamaal:

 

Dusray Ulama aur muhaddiseen unkay kamalaat ke mu’atraf thay, Hakim likhtay hain ki “Abu Awanah buland paaya muhaddiseen aur ashaab kamaal mein thay”. Ibn Khalqaan farmatey hai ki “Vo namoor muhaddiseen aur bulandtareen Ulamaye Islam mein thay”.

 

Fiqh wa ijtehaad:

 

Fiqh mein bhi unka paya buland tha, Zahabi ka bayan hai ki “Wo Hafiz-o-Muhaddis hone ke sath sath Faqeeh aur Imam bhi thay, Ibn Khalqaan ne unkay mazaar ka tazkirah kartay huye likha hai ki “Is maqam mein Imam Shafi’i kay mazhab-o-maslak se talluq rakhne wale 40 aisa ayimma mujtahideen aur Fuqha madfoon hain jo agar apni raaye wa ijtehaad se fatwa dete to bila shuba vo uskay mustahiq thay”.

 

Mazhab-o-maslak:

 

Unhone Fiqh ki taleem Shafi’i mazhab ke ayimma se hasil ki thi, isliye unko is mazhab se bada talluq tha, Misr se wapas aane ke baad unhone Shawafe’ ki kitabon se pehli martaba Esfareyen ke logon ko raushnaas karaya aur unhi ki badaulat Esfareyen mein Imam Shafi’i kay mazhab ki tarweej-o-isha’at huyi.

 

Zuhad-o-Itqa:

 

Zuhad-o-taqwa ke zewar se bhi araasta thay, Allama Sama’ani bayan kartay hain ki “Vo Zahid, Ibadat guzar, Afeef, paak daman aur kam khoor thay aur 5 martaba Hajj Baitullah se musharraf huye.

 

Wafaat:

 

Apne watan Esfareyen mein 316 Hijri mein inteqal kiya, aik riwayat 313 Hijri ki bhi hai lekin wo zayeef hai.

 

Tasneefaat:

 

Imam Abu Awanah ki tasneefaat mein aik Musnad saheeh unki yaadgaar hai jo daraasal Sahih muslim par mustakhraj hai, muhaddiseen ki istalaah mein mustakhraj us kitab ko kaha jata hai jis mein kisi dusri kitab ki hadeeson ko uski tarteeb matoon aur tarq Isnaad ke mutabiq naqal kiya jata hai, Musnad Abu Awanah mein Imam Muslim ke tarq-o-asaaneed ke ilawa dusray tarq Isnaad aur baaz matoon ka izafa bhi kiya gaya hai, isliye usko sahih bhi kaha jata hai aur iss haisiyat se daraasal ye khud aik mustaqil tasneef ban gayi hai.

 

Khusoosiyaat:

 

• Uski pehli khusoosiyat to yahi hai ki Sahih muslim ki mustakhraj hone ke bawajood usme baaz izaafe bhi hain, Allamah Zahabi ka bayan hai:

Abu Awanah sahab Sahih musand hain, unki kitab Imam Muslim ki Sahih par takhreej ki gayi hai lekin usme mutaddad izaafe bhi hain. Maslan Baab Al daleel Ali Aijaab Al wazu mein 3 hadeesein naqal karne ke baad likhtay hain:

Yaani yahan se jo riwayatein naqal ki ja rahi hain unki hamaray ashaab me takhreej nahi ki hai.

Isi tarah 8 hadeesein naqal karne ke baad likhtay hain:

Yaani yahan tak maine khud izafa kiya hai.

• Mukhtalif asaaneed aur mutaddad Ahadees tahweel nazayer-o-shawahid ke sath darj kiye hain aur Ikhtilaaf-e-matan ki behes kartay huye aise aqwaal aur Sahih marooyaat jama kiye hain jo dusri mutadawal kitabon mein nahi milte.
• Imam Abu Awanah ne Ahadees ke maani ki sahih tabeer aur baleegh tashreef bhi ki hai.
• Fiqhi abwaab par Musnad ko murattab karne ke bawajood unhone usme mukhtalif fasool qayem kiye hain jo unki tibaayi ka saboot hai.

Is Musnad ko pehli martaba Maulana Muhammad Hashim nadwi ne edit karke dayeratul ma’arif Al Osmania Hyderabad se 1362 Hijri se 1363 Hijri mein do jildon me shaya kiya hai aur mufeed taleeqaat aur mukhtasar hawashi bhi likhay hain, dono jildon ke akhir mein abwaab-o-fasool ki mufassil fehrist, Asma-o-Aalaam ki index aur pehli jild mein musannif aur tasneef ke mutalliq mufeed malumaat bhi darj hain, Musnad ke qalmi nuskhey mutaddad kutub khaanon mein maujood hain. Aur Ulama-e-fan ne uske saath aitna kiya hai, Allama Zahabi ne Al muttaqa ke naam se uski 230 hadeeson ko muntakhib kiya hai aur Hafiz Ibn Hajar ne Ithaaf ul Mohra bitraaful ashrah mein mustakhraj abi Awanah ki hadeesein darj ki hain.

 

REFERENCE:

Book: “Tazkeeratul Muhadiseen”

Taleef: ‘Ziya Uddin Islaahi’