11. Imam Baqi Bin Makhlad Qurtubi [201-276]
Imam Baqi Bin Makhlad Qurtubi (رحمه الله)
Naam-o-Nasab:
Baqi naam, Abu Abdurrahman Kuniyat aur Sheikhul Islam laqab tha. Silsila-e-nasab yeh hai: Baqi bin makhlad bin yazeed.
Wiladat-o-Watan:
Andaloos ke sheher aur Islami uloom-o-fanoon aur Tehzeeb-o-saqafat ke markaz qurtuba mein 201 Hijri mein paida huye.
Asaatzah wa Shuyukh:
Baqi bin makhlad ne Taqreeban 300 asaatzah se kasab faiz kiya tha, unka shumaar Imam Ahmad ke khaas aur maya naaz shagirdon mein hota hai, unkay aksar shuyookh ko Imam Malik, Sufyan bin Uyanah, Imam Shafi’i aur Hammad bin Zaid waghairah Jaleel ul Qadri muhaddiseen aur Fuqaha se sharf talammuz hasil tha, chand mumtaz mashayekh ke naam ye hain:
Ibrahim bin Muhammad Shafi’i, Ibrahim bin Manzar Hazami, Abu soor, Abu musaab zahri,Ahmad bin Ibrahim daurqi, Abu Tahir Ahmad bin Sarah, Bakaar bin Abdullah, Haris bin miskeen,Khalifa bin khayat, Daheem, Abu Khusayma Zaheer bin Harab, Zahar bin Hammad, Sehnoon bin Sayeed, Salma bin shuaib, Safwaan bin Saleh, Abu Bakar bin Abdullah bin Abi Shayba, Abdullah bin zakwaan, Aun bin Yousuf, Muhammad bin Bashaar bindaar, Muhammad bin Abdullah bin nameer, Muhammad bin Ubaid bin Hassan, Muhammad bin Isa Aasha, Muhammad bin Amar A’dni, Muhammad bin Muhammad Mustafa Hamsi, Haroon bin Abdullah Himaal, Yahya bin Abdullah bin bakeer, Yahya bin Abdul Hameed Hamani, Yahya bin Yahya laisi waghairah.
Talamizah:
Unkay talamizah ka dayerah bhi bohot wasee’hai, baaz ke naam hasb zel hain:
Ahmad bin baqi, Ahmad bin Abdullah amwi, Aslam bin Abdul azeez, Hasan bin Sayeed (Ya Saad) Abdullah bin Younus qairi muradi, (1) Muhammad bin Umar lababa, Muhammad bin wazeer waghairah.
Talab Ilm ke liye safar:
Unhone Ilm ki tehseel-o-takmeel ke liye maghrib-o-mashrik ke aksar shehron ka safar kiya tha, muarrikheen ne unko kaseer ul asfaar bataya hai. Ibn mandah aur Humaidi ka bayan hai ki “rehlat aur talab hadees ke liye unke safar mash-hoor hain”.
Ilm ki talab-o-tehseel mein tan asaani ko napasand karte they, apne shagirdon se kehtey thay ki tum log Talib Ilm bantay ho? Is tarah bhi Ilm ki talab ki jati hai ki jab tum farigh hotey ho aur tumko koi zaroorat nahi hoti to husool-e-ilm ke liye nikalte ho, maine aise jaanbaaz aur shauqeen taalib Ilm dekhay hain jinke paas khaane ke liye darakht ke Patton ke siwa kuch na tha aur unhone kaghaz khareedne ke liye apne pajamay tak bech diye.
Hadees me darja-o-martaba:
Imam baqi ne us zamana ke dastoor ke mutabiq Ilm hadees ki janib zyada tawajjo ki aur usme itna kamaal paida kiya ki unka shumaar kaabir muhaddiseen mein hota hai, muarrikheen aur Ulama-e-ser ne likha hai ki baligh fil jama wal riwaayah yani hadees ki riwaayat-o-tehreer mein unko bada inahmaak tha, hifz-o-zabt aur sadaq-o-saqaahat mein bhi mumtaz thay, Allama Zahabi ne unko Siqah hujjat aur sabt aur Hafiz Ibn asaakar ne Al Hafiz aur Humaidi ne minal Hafiz Al muhaddiseen likha hai, hadees ke zabt-o-naqal mein unki ehtiyaat isse zaahir hoti hai ki unko kamsini mein Sufyan soori (رحمة الله) ke baaz talamizah se mulaqat-o-istafadah karne ka mauqa mila tha magar unse riwaayat karne se ehtezaaz kiya.
Siqah-o-ijtihaad:
Fiqh wa ijtihaad mein bhi buland martaba rakhtay thay, kisi khaas Imam ya mazhab ke paband na thay balki khud Faqeeh wa mujtahid aur sahib ikhtiyaraat thay, Hafiz Zahabi aur Allama Ibn asaakar waghairah ne likha hai ki و كأن مجتهدا متخيرا لا يقلد احدا yani vo mujtahid, Sahib ikhtiyaraat aur kisi Imam ke muqallid na thay.
Uloom ki isha’at:
Aik bada Ilmi kaarnama ye hai ki unhone mumalik mashriq se waapsi ke baad Andaloos ki sar Zameen ko Ahadees-o-riwayaat ki nashr-o-isha’at se mamoor kar diya, Hafiz Ibn asaakar waghairah ka bayan hai:
رجع إلى الاند فملاها علما جما.
Yaani Andaloos wapas aakar usko uloom se mamloo kar diya.
Mutaddad aham aur imhaat kutub ko Andaloos me mutaarif karaya, muarrikheen ka bayan hai ki Wo badi aur buland paaya kitabon ko naqal karke Andaloos laaye aur yahan Ilm ki isha’at ki Ibnul farzi ne tasreeh ki hai ki musannif Ibn Abi Shayba, kitabul Fiqh Imam Shafi’i, Kitab ul tareekh wa kitabul tabqaat lakhaleefa bin khayat aur ser Umar bin Abdul azeez ko wahi Andaloos laaye aur ahle Andaloos ko usse mutarif karaya.
Ilm-o-Fazal ka aitraaf:
Muhaddiseen aur arbaab kamaal ne Imam baqi ke deeni wa Ilmi kamalaat ka aitraaf kiya hai, Allama Zahabi ne unko Imam, Qadwah, Ahadul Ayimma tul A’laam, Adeemul misaal aur yaktaye rozgaar likha hai, Ahmad bin Abi Khuzaymah farmatey hain ki “Jis sheher mein baqi jalwah farma hon, wahan ke kisi aadmi ko ham logon ke paas aane ki kya zaroorat?”
Allamah Ibn Hazam likhtey hain ki “Vo Imam Ahmad ke makhsoos aur arshad talamizah mein thay aur Imam Bukhari, muslim aur Nasai ke hamsar wa maseel thay”. Taahir bin Abdul azeez ka bayan hai ki maine Musnad baqi ka aik juz Muhammad bin Ismail saayegh ko dikhaya to unhone farmaya ki “Ye shakhs bahar Ilm ka shanawar hai” Wo khud bayan kartey hain ki “Iraq se waapsi ke baad main apne Mohtaram ustaaz Yahya bin bakeer ki khidmat mein mulaqat ke liye hazir hua to unhone mujhe apne pehlu mein bithaya aur mujh se saat hadeesein suni.
Baaz Fuqaha ki mukhalifat:
Dusray arbaab kamaal ki tarah unko bhi Ulama-o-Fuqaha ki aik jama’at ki mukhalifat ka saamna karna pada, vo bade mutba’ sunnat thay, isliye mujtahideen aur Fuqaha ki taqleed ke bajaye barahe raast Ahadees-o-asaar ki pairvi kartay thay, us zamana mein Andalus mein Fiqh maaliki ka ghalba tha, isliye amooman logon ko muwatta aur ahle madeena ki hadeeson se zyada waaqfiyat thi aur uskay muqabla mein ahle Iraq ke mutalliq ye bad gumaani thi ki vo qaleel ul Ahadees hain, chunancha baqi ne jab musannif Ibn Abi Shayba ka jis ko vo laaye thay dars dena aur Ahadees ki nashr-o-isha’at shuru kardi, awaam ko bhi unkay khilaaf bhadka diya, unko mukhalifat ke is toofaan se majboor ho kar dar-o-tadrees ka mashghala tark kar dena pada, jab farmanarwaye Andaloos Muhammad bin Abdurrahman bin hukm amwi ko jo khud bhi Sahib Ilm-o-fan aur Ulama ka bada Qadr shanaas tha, is hangame ki khabar huyi to usne Sheikh Al Islam aur unke mukhalifeen ko talab kiya aur musannif Ibn Abi Shayba ko manga kar khud uska mutal’a kiya aur is qadar pasand kiya ki apne kutub khana ke liye uski naqal faraham karne ka hukm diya aur kaha ki hamara kutub khana aisi aham kitab se khaali na hona chahiye aur Sheikhul Islam se kaha ki aap Ilm ki nashr-o-isha’at jaari rakhein aur Ahadees Rasool ka jo zakheera aapke paas hai usse se logon ko faiz yaab farmayein aur mukhalifeen ko bhi tanbeeh ki ke unse ayindah kisi qism ka ta’aruz na karein.
Zuhad-o-taqwa:
Zuhd-o-wara’ mein bhi unka paya buland tha. Muarrikheen aur Ulamaye ser ne unko mutadeen, Zahid aur sahib-e-taqwa qarar diya hai aur likha hai ki vo ayimma muhaddiseen aur zuhad Saliheen mein se thay.
Namaz:
Shab bedaar aur nawafil-o-tahajjud ke paband thay, Yafa’i ne mutbatal aur Zahabi ne aabid-o-mutahajjud likha hai.
Tilawat-e-Qur’an:
Tilawat Qur’an se itna shaghaf tha ki har raat ko tahajjud ki namaz mein pura Qur’an khatam kar detay thay.
Roza:
Ramzan ke ilawah bhi aksar musalsal rozey rakhtay thay lekin Juma ko iftaar kartay thay.
Hajj Baitullah:
30 ya 35 martaba Hajj Baitullah se musharraf huye, bayan kiya jata hai ki vo apne watan se dubara bilaad mashriq tashreef le gaye, pehli martaba 20 aur dusri martaba 14 saal tak wahan muqeem rahay, dono martaba unka mamool tha ki wo saal bhar mukhtalif shehron ke Ulamaye fan aur muhaddiseen ki khidmat mein hazir ho kar Ilm-o-fan ki tehseel kartay thay aur Hajj ke zamanay mein Makkah muazzamah chale jatey aur Hajj-o-ziyarat se sharf andoz hotay thay.
Jihad:
Unme bhi jihad ka jazba tha, chunanche kayi jangon mein shareek huye.
Dua ki barkat:
Mustajaabul Da’waat thay, aksar log unki dua ki barkat-o-taseer ki wajah se unse dua ki farmayish kartay thay.
Ikhlaaq-o-adaat:
Bade satoodah sifat, mutawaaze aur khaleeq thay, logon ke dard-o-gham mein shareek rehtay, unki hajat rawayi karte, mareezon ki ayaadat aur janazon mein shirkat maamool tha, har naik kaam se raghbat thi, kabhi kisi saayil ko wapas na kartey, agar kuch na hota to kapde tak de detay.
Haq pasandi:
Baday haq pasand aur haq go thay, sachhi baat kehne mein kisi ki parwah na kartay thay.
Wafaat:
Mash hoor aur sahi riwayat ke mutabiq unhone sa shubha 29 Jumadil ukhra 276 Hijri ko Andaloos mein wafat paayi, Imam Daraqutni ne 273 ki bhi riwayat ki hai lekin ye zayeef hai, Muhammad bin yazeed ne namaz janazah padhayi aur Bano Abbas ki janib mansoob aik qabristan mein dafan kiye gaye.
Huliya:
Daraz qad thay, dadhi ghani thi, baalon mein khizaab lagatay thay.
Tasneefaat:
Allamah Baqi kaseerul Tasaneef aur sahib-e-kamal musannif thay, Ibn Asaakar ne likha hai, unhone nihaayat Umdah kitabein likhi jo unki jaamiyat, diqqat nazar, kasrat muta’ala aur wus’at maloomat par shahid hain, unki tasneefaat be nazeer aur Islam ki aham aur buniyadi kitabon mein shumar ki jati hain magar afsos hai ki bohot se Qudma ki tarah unki kitabein bhi na-payd ho gayin. Jin kitabon ke naam maloom ho sake hain vo hasb-e-zail hain:
- Fatawa-e-Sahabah wa taba’een wamin dunihim
- Kitab ul tafseer: Is ki ahmiyat isse zahir hoti hai ki Allamah Zahabi wa yafa’i ne isko Jaleel ul Qadr bataya hai, Allamah Ibn Hazam ke khayal mein ye lajawab aur adeemul misaal tafseer thi, vo usko tafseer Ibn jareer par bhi tarjeeh detay thay.
- Unki tasneefaat mein Musnad Kabeer sabse aham aur azeem ul shaan tasneef hai, jo aik hazar teen se zyada Sahabah رضى الله) عنه) ki hadeeson mein darj thi, iski tarteeb Fiqhi abwaab par hai, isliye isko musannif-o-Musnad dono kaha jata hai, Ibn Hazam ke hasb zel bayan se iski ahmiyat aur sehat-o-aitebaar ka andazah kiya ja sakta hai, vo likhtay hain ki “Is kitab ko unhone Sahabah ke naamon par murattab kiya hai, ismein 1300 se zyada ki riwayaat hain, har Sahabi ki hadees ko Fiqh-o-ahkaam ke abwaab-o-unwanaat ke tehat naqal kiya gaya hai, Is aitebaar se ye Musnad bhi hai aur musannif bhi, mere Ilm mein iss martaba-o-ahmiyat ki isse pehle koi kitab nahi likhi gayi, unhone apni saqaahat, zabt, itqaan, hadees mein jaamiyat aur judat-e-shuyook ke bawajood 184 raawiyon se uski riwaayat ki hai jo qareeb qareeb sab mash hoor aur buland paaya muhaddis hain.
Allamah Ibn kaseer farmatey hain ki ” Ibn Hazam ne usko Musnad Ahmad bin Hanbal par tarjeeh di hai, jo mere khayal mein Mahall e nazar hai, Musnad Ibn Hanbal usse bhi zyada jaame’ wa jadeed kitab hai.”
REFERENCE:
Book: “Tazkeeratul Muhadiseen”
Taleef: ‘Ziya Uddin Islaahi’