01. Hijamah: Ta’aruf aur Tareekh [Introduction & History]
❁ Hijama Kya Hai ?
➤ Hijama Kya Hai?
Hijama lafz hajm se nikla hai, jis ka matlab hai choosna. Misal ke taur par kaha jata hai ke bachche ne apni maa ka seena choosa.
Hajjam us shakhs ko kaha jata hai jo choosne ka kaam karta hai aur Hijama us ka pesha hai. Mihjam us auzaar ko kaha jata hai jis mein khoon jama hota hai, aur Hijama karne ke liye istemal hone wale tez auzaar ko bhi kaha jata hai.
Fuqaha ke nazdeek baaz ulama ne Hijama ko is tarah bayan kiya hai ke jild par chhote cuts lagane ke baad choosne ke zariye gardan ke pichhle hisse se khoon nikala jaye.
Lekin Zarqani ne kaha hai ke Hijama sirf gardan ke pichhle hisse tak mahdood nahi hai, balke jism ke doosre hisson se bhi Hijama ki ja sakti hai. Khattabi ka bhi yahi kehna hai.
Khulasa yeh hai ke Hijama munasib auzaar ke zariye jism se khoon nikalne ka naam hai, ya aaj ke zamane mein aise devices ke zariye jo choosne ka kaam karte hain.
➤ Tareekh Mein Hijama
Hijama bohat purane zamane se mashhoor hai.
Cheen ke log, Babil ke log aur Fir‘aun ke zamane ke log bhi Hijama se waqif the.
Un ke purane asaar aur tasveeron se maloom hota hai ke woh kuch amraaz ke ilaaj ke liye Hijama karte the.
Pehle zamane mein is kaam ke liye dhaat ke cups aur bail ke seeng istemal kiye jate the. Unhein jild par rakh kar choosne ke zariye un ke andar ki hawa nikal di jati thi.
Baad mein sheeshe ke cups istemal hone lage. Un cups ke andar rui ya oon ka tukra jala kar hawa nikali jati thi.
Reference:
https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/21406/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%89%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7
Introduction & History of cupping
➤ Linguistic meaning of cupping
The word hijamah (cupping) comes from the word hajm which means sucking, as in the phrase hajama al-sabiy thadya ummihi (the infant suckled his mother’s breast).
Al-Hajjam means the cupper, hijamah is the profession of cupping, and the word mihjam is used to describe the vessel in which the blood is collected and the lancet used by the cupper. (See Lisan al-‘Arab).
➤ Technical meaning of cupping
In fiqh terminology the word hijamah is applied by some scholars to the extraction of blood from the nape of the neck by means of cupping after making an incision with the lancet. Al-Zarqani stated that cupping is not limited to the nape of the neck, rather it may be done on any part of the body . This was also the view of al-Khattabi.
In conclusion, hijamah refers to the extraction of blood from the body by means of cupping using a suitable vessel or whatever modern equipment that serves the same purpose.
➤ History of cupping
Cupping has been known since ancient times. It was known to the Chinese, the Babylonians and the Pharaohs. Their relics and carved images indicate that they used cupping to treat some diseases. At first they used metal cups or bulls’ horns, from which they would remove the air by sucking it out after placing the cup on the skin. Then they used glass cups from which they would remove the air by burning a piece of cotton or wool inside the cup.
Reference:
https://islamqa.info/ar/answers/21406/%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%89%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7